PENGARUH ORIENTASI WIRAUSAHA DAN KAPABILITAS JEJARING USAHA TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KINERJA UKM DENGAN KOMITMEN PERILAKU SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVIENING (Studi Empiris pada Sentra UKM Batik di Sragen, Jawa Tengah)
Keywords: behavioral commitment, entrepreneurial orientation, kapabilitas jejaring, komitmen perilaku, network capability, orientasi wirausaha, SMEs, UKM
Abstract
In order to be able to seize the opportunities that a dynamic operating environment opens up, entrepreneurial SMEs have to reconfigure their existing asset base and processes. This study explores the effect of behavioral commitment on entrepreneurial orientation process and a firms reconfiguring network capabilities on performance by using survey data from 105 owners/manajers of batik SMEs in Sragen batik centrer, Central Java. Our findings indicate that indirectly, a SMEs entrepreneurial orientation have higher influence on SMEs performance through behavioral commitment; and reconfiguring network capabilities have an effect on its international performance and provide empirical support for the dynamic capability view of the firm. Entrepreneurial orientation process combined with behavioral commitment reconfiguring capabilities constitutes a potential source of competitive advantage.
Dalam rangka untuk mendapatkan peluang usaha di lingkungan yang dinamis dan terbuka, UKM yang berorientasi wirausaha harus mengkonfigurasi lagi proses-proses bisnis dan asset yang dimiliki saat ini. Studi ini mengeksplorasi pengaruh komitmen perilaku terhadap proses orientasi wirausaha dan pengaruh konfigurasi kapabilitas jejaring perusahaan/UKM terhadap kinerja usaha. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey. Data yang digunakan berasal dari 105 pemilik/manajer UKM batik di sentra batik Kabupaten Sragen. Temuan dari penelitian ini adalah: secara tidak langsung orientasi wirausaha mempunyai pengaruh yang lebih besar terhadap kinerja usaha UKM yang dimediasi oleh variabel komitmen perilaku; dan rekonfigurasi kapabilitas jejaring usaha mempunyai pengaruh terhadap kinerja internasionalnya dan memberikan bukti dukungan empiris terhadap pandangan kapabilitas dinamis perusahaan. Proses orientasi wirausaha dikombinasikan dengan komitmen perilaku mekonfigurasi lagi kapabilitas yang menjadi sumber potensial keunggulan daya saing.
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References
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Barney, J.B. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17; 99-120.
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Brancheau, J.C. (1987). The diffusion of information technology. Upublisert doktoravhandling. Universitetet i Minnesota, Minneapolis.
Brazyk, H-J., Cooke, & Heidenreich, M. (eds.). (1996). Regional innovation systems. London. UCL Press.
Carsten, J. M. & Spector, P. E. (1987). Unemployment, job satisfaction, and employee turnover: A meta-analytical test of the Muchinsky model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 72; 374-381.
Combs, J. G., Crook, T. R., & Shook, C. L. (2005). The dimensionality of organizational performance and its implications for strategic management research. In D. J. Ketchen & D. D. Bergh (Eds.), Research methodology in strategic management. (pp. 259-286). San Diego, CA: Elsevier.
Cook, W.M. (1992). The buddy system. Entrepreneur, Nov:52.
Covin, J.G, & Slevin, D.P. (1989). strategic management of small firms in hostile and benign environments. Strategic management journal,10,75-87.
Covin, J.G, & Slevin, D.P. (1991). A conceptual model of entrepreneurship as firm behavior. Entrepreneurship Theory and Tractice, 16(1), 725.
Covin, J. G., Slevin, D. P., & Schultz, R. L. (1994). Implementing strategic missions: Effective strategic, structural, and tactical choices. Journal of Management Studies, 31(4), 481-503.
Dean, D. L., Meng, B., & Myers, C. P. (2000). Revisiting firm characteristics, strategy, and export performance relationship: a survey of the literature and an investigation of new zealand small manufacturing firms. Industrial Marketing Management, 29(5), 461-477.
Dess, G. G., Lumpkin, G. T., & Covin, J. G. (1997). Entrepreneurial strategy making and firm performance: tests of contingency and configurational models. Strategic Management Journal, 18(9), 677-695.
Dollinger, M. J. (1999). Entrepreneurship: Strategies and resources. Prentice Hall, ISBN 0137459939 (Upper Saddle River, NJ).
Elfring, T, & Hulsink W. (2007). Networking by entrepreneurs: Patterns of tie formation in emerging organizations. Organization Studies, 28(12),1849-72.
Evangelista, F. U. (1994), Export performance and its determinants: Some empirical evidence from Australian manufacturing firms. Advances in International Marketing, 6, 207-229.
Frank, H., Kessler, A., & Fink, M. (2010). Entrepreneurial orientation and business performance A replication study, SBR 62, April 2010, 175198.
Ghozali, I. (2004), Model persamaan structural, konsep dan aplikasi dengan program amos 16.0, Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang.
Granovetter, M. (1985). Economic action and social structure: A theory of embeddedness.American Journal of Sociology, 91, 481510.
Gulati, R., Nohria N., & Zaheer A., (2000), Strategic networks, Strategic Management Journal, 21(3), 203-216.
Hkansson, H., (1997). Organization networks. I Sorge, A., Warner, M: The IEBN Handbook of Organizational Bahavior. International Thomson Business Press. London 1997; 232-240.
Hite, J. (2005). Evolutionary processes and paths of relationally embedded network ties in emerging entrepreneurial firms. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29;113-44.
Hortovanyi, L. (2009), Entrepreneurial management in Hungarian SMEs, Corvinus, University of Budapest, Budapest.
Hoskisson, R., Eden, L., Lau, C., & Wright, M. (2000). Strategy in emerging economies. Academy of Management Journal, 43, 249-267.
Isaksen, A. (red).(1997). Innovasjoner, nringsutvikling og regionalpolitikk . Hgskoleforlaget, Kristiansand.
Iverson, R. D. (1989). What is the best predictor of turnover? A meta-analysis of the relationship between behavioral intentions and turnover. Unpublished paper, Department of Sociology, University of Iowa, Ames.
Kanter, R. M. (1983). The change masters: Innovation and entrepreneurship in the American Corporation, New York: Simon & Schuster.
Katsikeas, C. S., Deng, S. L., & Wortzel, L. H. (1997). Perceived export success factors of small and medium-sized Canadian firms. Journal of International Marketing, 5(4), 53-72.
Kao, R. W. Y., Kao, K. R., & Kao, R. R. (2002). Entrepreneurism: A philosophy and a sensible alternative to the market economy. London: Imperial College Press.
Kirschenbaum, A. & Weisberg, J. (1990). Predicting worker turnover: An assessment of intent on actual separations. Human Relations, 43, 829-847.
Larson A, & Starr JA. (1993). A network model of organization formation. Entrepreneurship Theory and
Practice, 17(4), 5-18.
Lumpkin, G.T., & Dess, G.G. (1996). Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking It to performance. Academy of Management Review, 21(1), 135-172.
Malecki, E.G. (1997). Entrepreneurs, networks, and economic development: A review of recent research.
Mangham I, & Pye A.(1991). The doing of managing. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing.
Martin, T. N. (1979). A contextual model of employee turnover intentions. Academy of Management Journal, 22, 313-324.
Martin, T. N. & Hunt, J. G. (1980). Social influence and intent to leave: A path-analytic process model. Personnel Psychology, 33, 505-528.
McGrath, R.G. (1996), Options and the entrepreneur: towards a strategic theory of wealth creation, Academy of Management Proceedings, pp; 101-5.
Meyer, J. P., Allen, N. J., & Gellatly, I. R. (1990). Affective and continuance commitment to the organization: Evaluation of measures and analysis of concurrent and time-lagged relations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75, 710-720.
Mintzberg, H.(1975) The Managers job: Folklore and facts. Harvard Business Review, 53, 100-110.
Miller, D. (1983). The Correlates of entrepreneurship in three types of firms. Management Science, 29, 770-791.
Miller. D., & Friesen, P. H. (1983). Strategy making and environment: The third link. Strategic ManagementJjournal, 4, 221-235.
Mobley, W. H. (1977). Intermediate linkages in the relationship between job satisfaction and employee turnover. Journal of Applied Psychology, 62, 237-237.
Mosakowski, E.,Hitt, M. & Malden, MA et al., editors.(2002). Overcoming resource disadvantages. In strategic entrepreneurship: Creating a new mindset. Blackwell Publishing; 2002. Pp; 106-126.
Mottaz, C. J. (1989). An analysis of the relationships between attitudinal commitment and behavioral commitment. The Sociological Quarterly, 30, 143-158.
Murphy, G. B., Trailer, J. W., & Hill, R. C. (1996). Measuring performance in entrepreneurship research. Journal of Business Research, 36, 15-23.
OECD (1998), Fostering Entrepreneurship, Paris.
Penrose, E. T. (1959). The theory of growth of the firm. London: Basil Blackwell.
Premaratne, S.P. (2001). Networks, resources, and small business growth: The experience in Sri Lanka, Journal of Small Business Management, 39, 363-371.
Price, J. L. & Mueller, C. W. (1981). Professional turnover: The case of nurses. New York: SP Medical and Scientific.
Quince, T. (2003). Entrepreneurial Orientation and EntrepreneursIntentions and Objectives. ESRC Centre for Business Research, University of Cambridge. Working Paper No. 271.
Rahayu P. S. (2009). Peningkatan kinerja melalui orientasi kewirausahaan, kemampuan manajemen, dan strategi bisnis (Studi pada Industri Kecil Menengah Bordir di Jawa Timur), Jurnal Manajemen dan Kewirausahaan, 11(1), ISSN 1411-1438.
Richard, O. C., Barnett, T., Dwyer, S., & Chadwick. K. (2004). Cultural diversity in management, firm performance, and the moderating role of entrepreneurial orientation dimensions. Academy of Management Journal, 47, 255-266.
Rothwell, R. (1991). External networking and innovation in small and medium-sized manufacturing firms in Europe. Technovation,11(2), 93-112.
Rumelt, R. P., (1984), Towards a strategic theory of the firm, in Lamb, Robert B. (ed.),Competitive Strategic ManagementPrentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 557570.
Shore, L. M. & Barkdale, K. A. (1991). Longitudinal assessment of the antecedents of affective and continuance commitment. Paper presented at 51st Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management.
Smart, D. T., & Conant, J. S. (1994). Entrepreneurial orientation, distinctive marketing 39 competencies and organizational performance. Journal of Applied Business Research, 10(3).
Smith, P. C. (1976). Behavior, results, and organizational effectiveness: The Problem of Criteria. In M. D. Dunette (Ed.), Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, pp. 745-775).
Szab, Z.R.(2007). The effects of interpersonal connections on knowledge transfer. In: XXVIII. OTDK Doktorandusz Konferencia lektorlt kiadvnya. Miskolc: Miskolci Egyetem.
Teece, D.J.(1980). Economies of scope and the scope of the enterprise Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 1(3), 223-247.
Teece, D. J., Pisano, G. & Shuen, A. (1997). Dynamic capabilities and strategic management., Strategic Management Journal, 18(7), 509-533.
Timmons J. (1994). New venture creation. (4th ed). Burr Ridge, IL: Irwin.
Thompson, K. R. & Terpening, W. D. (1983). Job-type variations and antecedents to intention to leave: A content approach to turnover. Human Relations, 36, 655-682.
Uzzi, B. (1997).Social structure and competition in interfirm networks: The Paradox of Embeddedness. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42(1), 35-67.
Venkataraman, S. & Vasudevan, R. (1986) Measurement of business performance in strategy research: A comparison approaches. Academy of Management Review, 11(4), 801-814.
Voerman, J.A., (2003). The export performance of European SMEs., Disertasi doktoral yang tidak dipublikasikan, Labyrint Publication, Netherland.
Weick, K.E.(1979). The social psychology of organizing. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Pub. Co.
Whitener, E. M. & Walz, P. M. (1991). Determinants of commitment and turnover: A test of a model derived from exchange theories. Paper presented at the 51st Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management.
Wiklund, J. (1999). The Sustainability of the entrepreneurial orientation-performance relationship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 24(1), 37-48.
Wiklund, J., dan Shepherd, D. (2003). Knowledge-based resources, entrepreneurial orientation, and the performance of small and medium sized business. Strategic Management Journal, 24, 1307-1314.
Wiklund, J., & Shepherd, D. (2005). Entrepreneurial orientation and small business performance: A configurational approach. Journal of Business Venturing, 20, 71-91.
Woo CY, Folta T, & Cooper AC. (1992) Entrepreneurial search: Alternatives theories of behavior. Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research - 1992. Wellesley, MA: Babson College; p. 31-41.
Zahra, S. A. (1991). Predictors and financial outcomes of corporate entrepreneurship: An explorative study. Journal of Business Venturing, 6, 259-285.
Zahra, S.A. (1993). A conceptual model of entrepreneurship as firm behavior: A critique and extension. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 17(4), 259-85.
Zahra, S. A., & Covin, J. G. (1995). Contextual influence on the corporate entrepreneurship performance relationship: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Business Venturing, 10, 43-58.
Barney, J.B. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17; 99-120.
Barney, J.B. (2001). Is the resource-based view a useful perspective for strategic management research? Yes. Academy of Management Review, 26, 41-56.
Becker, G. (1964). Human capital. New York: Columbia University Press.
Berger PL, & Luckmann T. (1967). The social construction of reality: A treatise in the sociology of knowledge. Canada: Anchor.
Brancheau, J.C. (1987). The diffusion of information technology. Upublisert doktoravhandling. Universitetet i Minnesota, Minneapolis.
Brazyk, H-J., Cooke, & Heidenreich, M. (eds.). (1996). Regional innovation systems. London. UCL Press.
Carsten, J. M. & Spector, P. E. (1987). Unemployment, job satisfaction, and employee turnover: A meta-analytical test of the Muchinsky model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 72; 374-381.
Combs, J. G., Crook, T. R., & Shook, C. L. (2005). The dimensionality of organizational performance and its implications for strategic management research. In D. J. Ketchen & D. D. Bergh (Eds.), Research methodology in strategic management. (pp. 259-286). San Diego, CA: Elsevier.
Cook, W.M. (1992). The buddy system. Entrepreneur, Nov:52.
Covin, J.G, & Slevin, D.P. (1989). strategic management of small firms in hostile and benign environments. Strategic management journal,10,75-87.
Covin, J.G, & Slevin, D.P. (1991). A conceptual model of entrepreneurship as firm behavior. Entrepreneurship Theory and Tractice, 16(1), 725.
Covin, J. G., Slevin, D. P., & Schultz, R. L. (1994). Implementing strategic missions: Effective strategic, structural, and tactical choices. Journal of Management Studies, 31(4), 481-503.
Dean, D. L., Meng, B., & Myers, C. P. (2000). Revisiting firm characteristics, strategy, and export performance relationship: a survey of the literature and an investigation of new zealand small manufacturing firms. Industrial Marketing Management, 29(5), 461-477.
Dess, G. G., Lumpkin, G. T., & Covin, J. G. (1997). Entrepreneurial strategy making and firm performance: tests of contingency and configurational models. Strategic Management Journal, 18(9), 677-695.
Dollinger, M. J. (1999). Entrepreneurship: Strategies and resources. Prentice Hall, ISBN 0137459939 (Upper Saddle River, NJ).
Elfring, T, & Hulsink W. (2007). Networking by entrepreneurs: Patterns of tie formation in emerging organizations. Organization Studies, 28(12),1849-72.
Evangelista, F. U. (1994), Export performance and its determinants: Some empirical evidence from Australian manufacturing firms. Advances in International Marketing, 6, 207-229.
Frank, H., Kessler, A., & Fink, M. (2010). Entrepreneurial orientation and business performance A replication study, SBR 62, April 2010, 175198.
Ghozali, I. (2004), Model persamaan structural, konsep dan aplikasi dengan program amos 16.0, Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang.
Granovetter, M. (1985). Economic action and social structure: A theory of embeddedness.American Journal of Sociology, 91, 481510.
Gulati, R., Nohria N., & Zaheer A., (2000), Strategic networks, Strategic Management Journal, 21(3), 203-216.
Hkansson, H., (1997). Organization networks. I Sorge, A., Warner, M: The IEBN Handbook of Organizational Bahavior. International Thomson Business Press. London 1997; 232-240.
Hite, J. (2005). Evolutionary processes and paths of relationally embedded network ties in emerging entrepreneurial firms. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29;113-44.
Hortovanyi, L. (2009), Entrepreneurial management in Hungarian SMEs, Corvinus, University of Budapest, Budapest.
Hoskisson, R., Eden, L., Lau, C., & Wright, M. (2000). Strategy in emerging economies. Academy of Management Journal, 43, 249-267.
Isaksen, A. (red).(1997). Innovasjoner, nringsutvikling og regionalpolitikk . Hgskoleforlaget, Kristiansand.
Iverson, R. D. (1989). What is the best predictor of turnover? A meta-analysis of the relationship between behavioral intentions and turnover. Unpublished paper, Department of Sociology, University of Iowa, Ames.
Kanter, R. M. (1983). The change masters: Innovation and entrepreneurship in the American Corporation, New York: Simon & Schuster.
Katsikeas, C. S., Deng, S. L., & Wortzel, L. H. (1997). Perceived export success factors of small and medium-sized Canadian firms. Journal of International Marketing, 5(4), 53-72.
Kao, R. W. Y., Kao, K. R., & Kao, R. R. (2002). Entrepreneurism: A philosophy and a sensible alternative to the market economy. London: Imperial College Press.
Kirschenbaum, A. & Weisberg, J. (1990). Predicting worker turnover: An assessment of intent on actual separations. Human Relations, 43, 829-847.
Larson A, & Starr JA. (1993). A network model of organization formation. Entrepreneurship Theory and
Practice, 17(4), 5-18.
Lumpkin, G.T., & Dess, G.G. (1996). Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking It to performance. Academy of Management Review, 21(1), 135-172.
Malecki, E.G. (1997). Entrepreneurs, networks, and economic development: A review of recent research.
Mangham I, & Pye A.(1991). The doing of managing. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing.
Martin, T. N. (1979). A contextual model of employee turnover intentions. Academy of Management Journal, 22, 313-324.
Martin, T. N. & Hunt, J. G. (1980). Social influence and intent to leave: A path-analytic process model. Personnel Psychology, 33, 505-528.
McGrath, R.G. (1996), Options and the entrepreneur: towards a strategic theory of wealth creation, Academy of Management Proceedings, pp; 101-5.
Meyer, J. P., Allen, N. J., & Gellatly, I. R. (1990). Affective and continuance commitment to the organization: Evaluation of measures and analysis of concurrent and time-lagged relations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75, 710-720.
Mintzberg, H.(1975) The Managers job: Folklore and facts. Harvard Business Review, 53, 100-110.
Miller, D. (1983). The Correlates of entrepreneurship in three types of firms. Management Science, 29, 770-791.
Miller. D., & Friesen, P. H. (1983). Strategy making and environment: The third link. Strategic ManagementJjournal, 4, 221-235.
Mobley, W. H. (1977). Intermediate linkages in the relationship between job satisfaction and employee turnover. Journal of Applied Psychology, 62, 237-237.
Mosakowski, E.,Hitt, M. & Malden, MA et al., editors.(2002). Overcoming resource disadvantages. In strategic entrepreneurship: Creating a new mindset. Blackwell Publishing; 2002. Pp; 106-126.
Mottaz, C. J. (1989). An analysis of the relationships between attitudinal commitment and behavioral commitment. The Sociological Quarterly, 30, 143-158.
Murphy, G. B., Trailer, J. W., & Hill, R. C. (1996). Measuring performance in entrepreneurship research. Journal of Business Research, 36, 15-23.
OECD (1998), Fostering Entrepreneurship, Paris.
Penrose, E. T. (1959). The theory of growth of the firm. London: Basil Blackwell.
Premaratne, S.P. (2001). Networks, resources, and small business growth: The experience in Sri Lanka, Journal of Small Business Management, 39, 363-371.
Price, J. L. & Mueller, C. W. (1981). Professional turnover: The case of nurses. New York: SP Medical and Scientific.
Quince, T. (2003). Entrepreneurial Orientation and EntrepreneursIntentions and Objectives. ESRC Centre for Business Research, University of Cambridge. Working Paper No. 271.
Rahayu P. S. (2009). Peningkatan kinerja melalui orientasi kewirausahaan, kemampuan manajemen, dan strategi bisnis (Studi pada Industri Kecil Menengah Bordir di Jawa Timur), Jurnal Manajemen dan Kewirausahaan, 11(1), ISSN 1411-1438.
Richard, O. C., Barnett, T., Dwyer, S., & Chadwick. K. (2004). Cultural diversity in management, firm performance, and the moderating role of entrepreneurial orientation dimensions. Academy of Management Journal, 47, 255-266.
Rothwell, R. (1991). External networking and innovation in small and medium-sized manufacturing firms in Europe. Technovation,11(2), 93-112.
Rumelt, R. P., (1984), Towards a strategic theory of the firm, in Lamb, Robert B. (ed.),Competitive Strategic ManagementPrentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 557570.
Shore, L. M. & Barkdale, K. A. (1991). Longitudinal assessment of the antecedents of affective and continuance commitment. Paper presented at 51st Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management.
Smart, D. T., & Conant, J. S. (1994). Entrepreneurial orientation, distinctive marketing 39 competencies and organizational performance. Journal of Applied Business Research, 10(3).
Smith, P. C. (1976). Behavior, results, and organizational effectiveness: The Problem of Criteria. In M. D. Dunette (Ed.), Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, pp. 745-775).
Szab, Z.R.(2007). The effects of interpersonal connections on knowledge transfer. In: XXVIII. OTDK Doktorandusz Konferencia lektorlt kiadvnya. Miskolc: Miskolci Egyetem.
Teece, D.J.(1980). Economies of scope and the scope of the enterprise Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 1(3), 223-247.
Teece, D. J., Pisano, G. & Shuen, A. (1997). Dynamic capabilities and strategic management., Strategic Management Journal, 18(7), 509-533.
Timmons J. (1994). New venture creation. (4th ed). Burr Ridge, IL: Irwin.
Thompson, K. R. & Terpening, W. D. (1983). Job-type variations and antecedents to intention to leave: A content approach to turnover. Human Relations, 36, 655-682.
Uzzi, B. (1997).Social structure and competition in interfirm networks: The Paradox of Embeddedness. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42(1), 35-67.
Venkataraman, S. & Vasudevan, R. (1986) Measurement of business performance in strategy research: A comparison approaches. Academy of Management Review, 11(4), 801-814.
Voerman, J.A., (2003). The export performance of European SMEs., Disertasi doktoral yang tidak dipublikasikan, Labyrint Publication, Netherland.
Weick, K.E.(1979). The social psychology of organizing. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Pub. Co.
Whitener, E. M. & Walz, P. M. (1991). Determinants of commitment and turnover: A test of a model derived from exchange theories. Paper presented at the 51st Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management.
Wiklund, J. (1999). The Sustainability of the entrepreneurial orientation-performance relationship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 24(1), 37-48.
Wiklund, J., dan Shepherd, D. (2003). Knowledge-based resources, entrepreneurial orientation, and the performance of small and medium sized business. Strategic Management Journal, 24, 1307-1314.
Wiklund, J., & Shepherd, D. (2005). Entrepreneurial orientation and small business performance: A configurational approach. Journal of Business Venturing, 20, 71-91.
Woo CY, Folta T, & Cooper AC. (1992) Entrepreneurial search: Alternatives theories of behavior. Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research - 1992. Wellesley, MA: Babson College; p. 31-41.
Zahra, S. A. (1991). Predictors and financial outcomes of corporate entrepreneurship: An explorative study. Journal of Business Venturing, 6, 259-285.
Zahra, S.A. (1993). A conceptual model of entrepreneurship as firm behavior: A critique and extension. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 17(4), 259-85.
Zahra, S. A., & Covin, J. G. (1995). Contextual influence on the corporate entrepreneurship performance relationship: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Business Venturing, 10, 43-58.
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Mar 10, 2012
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Lukiastuti, F. (2012). PENGARUH ORIENTASI WIRAUSAHA DAN KAPABILITAS JEJARING USAHA TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KINERJA UKM DENGAN KOMITMEN PERILAKU SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVIENING (Studi Empiris pada Sentra UKM Batik di Sragen, Jawa Tengah). Jurnal Organisasi Dan Manajemen, 8(2), 155–175. https://doi.org/10.33830/jom.v8i2.278.2012
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