Antibacterial Activity of Citrus Leaf (Citrus nobilis, Citrus sinensis, and Citrus maxima) Etanolic Extract Against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bacteria

Authors

  • Ifandari Prodi D3 Analis Kesehatan, Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Setiabudi
  • einstivina nuryandani Universitas Terbuka

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33830/manilkara.v1i1.3168.2022

Keywords:

citrus leaf extract, antibacterial, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Abstract

Some bacteria that live on body surfaces such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa can be pathogenic to human. These bacteria are known to be resistant to certain antibiotics. Therefore, it is necessary to develop other alternative materials as safe antibacterial agents. One of the natural ingredients that have potential as antibacterial is citrus leaf. The aim of this study was to determine the inhibitory power of citrus leaf extracts from three types of citruses (Citrus nobilis, Citrus sinensis, and Citrus maxima) against the growth of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa bacteria. This study used the paper disk diffusion method with a percentage of 12.5%, 25%, and 50% of the extract dissolved in 2% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The negative control used 2% CMC, while the positive control used the antibiotic ciprofloxacin. The results showed that the antibacterial activity of the three extracts was significantly different from the negative control, but the activity between the three types of citrus leaf extract was not significantly different. C. nobilis leaf extract with a concentration of 50% had antibacterial activity to Staphylococcus aureus relatively higher than the other two citrus leaf extracts, while in P. aeruginosa, the antibacterial activity of C. maxima leaf extract was relatively higher than other citrus leaf extracts. These results indicated that citrus leaves extracts from C. nobilis, C. sinensis, and C. maxima had inhibitory effects on S. aureus and P. aeruginosa growth.

References

Aktar, K. dan Foyzun T. (2017). Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Studies of Citrus macroptera: A Medicinal Plant Review. Hindawi: Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Hindawi Vol.2017, Article ID 9789802, 1-7.

Chauhan, N. dan Saxena J. (2019). Phytochemical Screening Of Yellow & Green Citrus Limon Peel Extracts In Different Solvents. International Research Journal Of Pharmacy, Vol.10, No.4., 121-125.

Davis, W.W. dan Stout T.R. 1971. Disc Plate Methods of Microbiological Antibiotic Assay. Microbiology, Hal 659-665.

Gupta, V., Kohli, K., Ghaiye, Bansal, P., dan Lather, A. (2011). Pharmacological Potentials Of Citrus Paradisi - An Overview. International Journal of Phytotherapy Research Vol.1, 8-17

Kori, P. dan Nagar, M. (2020). Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of Citrus Sinensis Leaves Extracts. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR). Vol.9, No.7 253-255

Patel, J., Ariyaratne, M., Ahmed, S., Ge, L., Phuntumart, V., Kalinoski, A., dan Morris, P. F. (2017). Dual functioning of plant arginases provides a third route for putrescine synthesis. Plant Science, Vol. 262:62-73.

Pelczar, M. J., Chan, E. C. S., 1988. Dasar-Dasar Mikrobiologi. Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia Press.

Sharma, L., Agarwal, D., Rathore, S., Malhotra, S., dan Saxena, S. (2016). Effect of cryogenic grinding on volatile and fatty oil constituents of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) genotypes. Journal of Food Science and Technology. Vol.53, 2827–2834.

Wijaya, Y.A., Widyadinata, A., Irawaty, W., dan Ayucitra, A. (2017). Fractionation of Phenolic and Flavonoid Compounds from Kaffir Lime (Citrus hystrix) Peel Extract and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity. Reaktor, Vol. 17, No. 3, 111-117.

Wikananda, I.D.A.R.N., Hendrayana, M.A., Januarta, K, dan Pinatih, P. (2019). Efek Antibakteri Ekstrak Ethanol Kulit Batang Tanaman Cempaka Kuning (M. champaca L.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus. E-jurnal Medika, Vol. 8 No.5,1-5.

Zuraida, Lestari, E., dan Fadillah, A.F. (2021). Uji Efektivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Pandan Wangi (Pandanus amarylliafolius Roxb) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. Anakes: Jurnal Ilmiah Analis Kesehatan Vol. 7, No.2, 165-176.

Compean, K.L., dan Ynalvez, R.A. (2014). Antimicrobial Activity of Plant Secondary Metabolites: A Review. Research Journal of Medicinal Plant. 8. 204-213.

Downloads

Published

2022-08-31

How to Cite

Ifandari, & nuryandani, einstivina. (2022). Antibacterial Activity of Citrus Leaf (Citrus nobilis, Citrus sinensis, and Citrus maxima) Etanolic Extract Against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bacteria. MANILKARA: Journal of Bioscience, 1(1), 19–25. https://doi.org/10.33830/manilkara.v1i1.3168.2022

Issue

Section

Articles