Pemanfaatan Cangkang Kepiting sebagai Adsorben pada Pengolahan Air Tercemar Logam Besi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33830/saintek.v2i1.13048.2025Keywords:
adsorpsi, air limbah besi, cangkang kepiting, kitosanAbstract
Cangkang kepiting merupakan salah satu jenis limbah dari pemanfaatan komoditas pangan perairan. Oleh karena itu akan mengakibatkan pencemaran lingkungan jika tidak dikelola secara optimal. Salah satu cara pengelolaan limbah cangkang kepiting adalah pemanfaatan limbah tersebut sebagai bahan baku dalam pembuatan kitosan. Kitosan mempunyai beragam kegunaan di berbagai sektor, misalnya di sektor pengolahan air limbah. Di sektor pengolahan air limbah, khitosan merupakan material potensial sebagai adsorben atau pengikat logam berat di perairan, salah satunya adalah besi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memanfaatkan limbah cangkang kepiting dalam pembuatan kitosan sebagai adsorben untuk pemisahan logam besi di lingkungan air. Tahap penelitian terdiri dari pembuatan kitosan dari cangkang kepiting melalui rangkaian proses deproteinasi, demineralisasi, dan deasetilasi; kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pengujian kitosan sebagai adsorben logam besi di lingkungan air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kitosan berhasil disintesis dari cangkang kepiting berdasarkan nilai derajat deasetilasi dari produk sintesis, yaitu sebesar 74,2%. Pengujian kitosan sebagai adsorben besi dalam lingkungan air dihasilkan, kitosan memiliki kapasitas adsorpsi maksimal terhadap ion Fe2+ sebesar 8,22 mg Fe2+/g kitosan. Pada dosis kitosan sebanyak 0,1 % (b/v) terhadap volume air limbah, adsorpsi selama 60 menit, kitosan mampu memisahkan ion Fe2+ dari air tercemar logam besi sebesar 31,13%.
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