Dekolorisasi Gula Tebu Mentah dengan Metode Adsorpsi Menggunakan Karbon Aktif Dari Sekam Padi
Keywords:
adsorpsi, dekolorisasi, gula tebu, karbon aktif, sekam padiAbstract
Salah satu tahap pengolahan gula tebu mentah menjadi gula kristal putih atau gula rafinasi adalah tahap dekolorisasi. Tahap dekolorisasi gula tebu mentah umumnya dilakukan dengan proses adsorpsi terhadap senyawa-senyawa kimia penyebab warna yang tidak diinginkan pada gula kristal putih atau gula rafinasi oleh suatu adsorben. Karbon aktif dari sekam padi dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai adsorben alternatif untuk keperluan dekolorisasi tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mempelajari pengaruh kadar karbon aktif dari sekam padi dan lama waktu adsorpsi terhadap kualitas larutan gula tebu pada proses dekolorisasi gula tebu mentah. Tahap penelitian terdiri dari karbonisasi sekam padi, pemurnian arang sekam dengan ekstraksi, aktivasi karbon dari arang sekam dengan kalsinasi, karakterisasi karbon aktif sekam padi, dan pengujian kinerja karbon aktif sekam padi sebagai adsorben pada dekolorisasi gula tebu mentah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karbon aktif yang dipreparasi dari sekam padi memiliki bilangan iodin, bilangan metilen biru, luas permukaan spesifik, volume mikropori spesifik, dan volume total pori spesifik berturut-turut sebesar 225,64 mg/g, 0,84 mg/g, 305 m²/g, 0,09 cm³/g, dan 0,16 cm³/g. Sedangkan kondisi dekolorisasi terbaik dicapai pada penggunaan karbon aktif sebagai adsorben dengan kadar 1,2% dan waktu adsorpsi selama 4 jam. Kualitas gula tebu mengalami peningkatan setelah dilakukan tahap dekolorisasi dengan karbon aktif dari sekam padi pada kondisi adsorpsi tersebut.
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