PRODUKSI MIKOINSEKTISIDA DARI PROPAGUL KAPANG Beauveria Bassiana
Keywords: entomopathogenic fungi, mycoinsecticide, solid substrate fermentation
Abstract
Fungal insecticide or well known as mycoinsecticide is produced from propagules of entomopaghogenous fungi. It is a common knowledge that fungi can kill insects, individually or in epizootics, and methods for isolation and exploration of fungi are well known. Despite these facts, production of commercial preparations with fungi came very late. There is only one commercial product, which is produced on a large scale for several years. Beauveria bassiana is one of entomopathogenic fungus that has been used for biocontrol of many insects of crops. In this article we assess production of mycoinsecticide Beauveria bassiana through all stages of their handling, such as isolation, strain selection and optimation of production procedures both liquid and solid state fermentation. The result showed that the best way to produce mycoinsecticide in a large scale production was solid state fermentation using rice-base medium including cooked-rice and rice flour. The best incubation can be taken place in room temperature for 7 days.
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References
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Feng, M.G., Poprawski, T.J., & Khachatourians, G.G. (1994). Production, formulation and application of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana for insect control: Current status. Biocontrol Science Technology. 4, 3-34.
Gadd, G.M. (1988). Carbon nutrition and metabolism. In D.R. Berry, (Ed.), Physiology of industrial fungi. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publication.
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Wahyudi, P. (2002a). Uji patogenisitas kapang Entomopatogen beauveria bassiana indigenos terhadap ulat grayak (Spodoptera litura). BIOSFERA, 19 (1).
Wahyudi, P. (2002b). Optimasi medium cair untuk produksi propagul kapang beauveria bassiana. Dipresentasikan pada Seminar Nasional Mikrobiologi, Pertemuan Ilmiah Tahunan PERMI, 1-2 Oktober 2002.
Wahyudi, P. (2002c). Kajian komposisi medium fermentasi padat untuk produksi propagul kapang entomopatogen beauveria bassiana. Jurnal Biosains dan Bioteknologi Indonesia, 2 (2), 4852.
Wahyudi, P. (2003). Eksplorasi dan skrining kapang entomopatogen beauveria bassiana dari Brebes, Jawa Tengah. Jurnal Bioindustri Indonesia, 1 (1), 29-32.
Wahyudi, P., Pawiroharsono, S., & Gandjar, I. (2002). Optimasi produksi mikoinsektisida dari beauveria bassiana pribumi dengan substrat tepung beras. Jurnal Mikrobiologi Indonesia, 7 (1), 4-6.
Wright, J.E. & Chandler, L.D. (1995). Biopesticide composition and process for controlling insect pest. United State Patent No. 5,413,784.
Ando, K. (2000). Isolation and identification of tropical fungi imperfecti. Dalam Workshop isolasi dan identifikasi fungi imperfecti daerah tropis. FNCC PAU Pangan & Gizi UGM Yogyakarta, 19-21 Januari 2000.
Bilgrami, K.S. & Verna, R.N. (1978). Physiology of fungi. New Delhi: Vikas Publ.
Bradley, C.A., Wood, P.P., & Britton, J. (1999). Mycoinsecticide activity against grasshoppers produced by Beauveria bassiana. United State Patent 5,939,065.
Castineiras, A., Pena, J.E., Duncan, R., & Osborne, L. (1996). Potential of Beauveria bassiana and Paecilomyces fumoroseus (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) as biological control agents of Thrips palmi (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Florida Entomologist, 79 (3), 458461.
Doberski, J.W. & Tribe, H.T. (1980). Isolation of entomogenous fungi from elm bark and soil with reference to ecology of Beauveria bassiana and Metarrhizium anisopliae.Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 74 (1), 95-100.
Domsch, K.H., Gams W., & Anderson, T.H. (1980). Compendium of soil fungi. London: Academic Press.
Feng, M.G., Poprawski, T.J., & Khachatourians, G.G. (1994). Production, formulation and application of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana for insect control: Current status. Biocontrol Science Technology. 4, 3-34.
Gadd, G.M. (1988). Carbon nutrition and metabolism. In D.R. Berry, (Ed.), Physiology of industrial fungi. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publication.
Gandjar, I., Samson, R. A., Van-den Tweel-Vermeulen, K., Oetari, A., & Santoso, I. (1999). Pengenalan kapang tropik umum. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia.
Geden, C.J., Arends, J.J., Rutz, D.A., & Steinkraus, D.C. (1998). Laboratory evaluation of beauveria bassiana (Moniliales: Moniliaceae) against the lesser mealworm, alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), in poultry litter, soil and a pupal trap. Biology Control, 13, 71-77.
Griffin, D.H. (1981). Fungal physiology. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
Humber, R.A. (1998). Entomopathogenic fungal identification. In the APS/EPA Workshop 8-12 November 1998, Las Vegas.
Knauf, W. & Morales, E. (1999). Insect control compositions comprising entomopathogenic fungi. United State Patent 5,885,598.
Mahr, S. (1999). The entomopathogen beauveria bassiana. Midwest Biological Control News 4 (10). Know your friends. Diambil 10 Maret 2008, dari http://www.wisc.edu/entomology/mbcn/ kyf410.html
Nelson, T.L., Low, A., & Glare, T.R. (1996). Large scale production of New Zealand strains of beauveria and metarrhizium. In Proc. 49th N.Z. Plant Protection Conf., 257261.
Raimbault, M. (1998). General and microbiological aspects of solid substrate fermentation. Electronic J. Biotech, 1 (3), 1-15.
Samson, R.A. (1981). Identification: Entomophatogenicd deuteromycetes in microbial control of pests and plant diseases 1970-1980. New York: Academic Press Inc.
Stimac, J.L. (1990). Biological control of imported fire ants with a fungal pathogen. United State Patent 4,925,663.
Stimac, J.L. & Pereira, R. (1997). Controlling cockroaches, carpenter ants, and pharaoh ants using strains of beauveria bassiana. United State Patent 5,683,689.
Vandenberg, J.D. (1996). Standardized bioassay and screening of beauveria bassiana and paecilomyces fumoroseus against the Russian wheat aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae). Biology, Microbiology Control, 89 (6), 14181423.
Wahyudi, P. (1999). Produksi insektisida berbahan aktif kapang entomopatogen beauveria bassiana: Sebuah tinjauan mengenai rancangan proses produksi. Jurnal Sains & Teknologi Indonesia, 1 (9), 3642.
Wahyudi, P. (2001). Direktori potensi mikroorganisme: Agen biokontrol & biopestisida. Jakarta: Direktorat Teknologi Bioindustri, Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi.
Wahyudi, P. & Suwahyono, U. (2002). Optimasi pH dan suhu pada produksi propagul kapang beauveria bassiana. Prosiding seminar teknologi untuk negeri. Jakarta: Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi.
Wahyudi, P. (2002a). Uji patogenisitas kapang Entomopatogen beauveria bassiana indigenos terhadap ulat grayak (Spodoptera litura). BIOSFERA, 19 (1).
Wahyudi, P. (2002b). Optimasi medium cair untuk produksi propagul kapang beauveria bassiana. Dipresentasikan pada Seminar Nasional Mikrobiologi, Pertemuan Ilmiah Tahunan PERMI, 1-2 Oktober 2002.
Wahyudi, P. (2002c). Kajian komposisi medium fermentasi padat untuk produksi propagul kapang entomopatogen beauveria bassiana. Jurnal Biosains dan Bioteknologi Indonesia, 2 (2), 4852.
Wahyudi, P. (2003). Eksplorasi dan skrining kapang entomopatogen beauveria bassiana dari Brebes, Jawa Tengah. Jurnal Bioindustri Indonesia, 1 (1), 29-32.
Wahyudi, P., Pawiroharsono, S., & Gandjar, I. (2002). Optimasi produksi mikoinsektisida dari beauveria bassiana pribumi dengan substrat tepung beras. Jurnal Mikrobiologi Indonesia, 7 (1), 4-6.
Wright, J.E. & Chandler, L.D. (1995). Biopesticide composition and process for controlling insect pest. United State Patent No. 5,413,784.
Published
Aug 15, 2008
How to Cite
Wahyudi, P. (2008). PRODUKSI MIKOINSEKTISIDA DARI PROPAGUL KAPANG Beauveria Bassiana. Jurnal Matematika Sains Dan Teknologi, 9(2), 68–79. Retrieved from https://jurnal.ut.ac.id/index.php/jmst/article/view/603
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