ANALISIS FAKTOR INTERNAL DAN EKSTERNAL YANG MEMPENGARUHI PROFITABILITAS PADA BANK PEMBANGUNAN DAERAH
Keywords: bank pembangunan daerah, driscoll-kraay estimator, estimator driscoll-kraay, fixed effect model, model efek tetap, profitabilitas, profitability, regional development bank, return on equity
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the influence of internal and external factors on profitability (ROE) Regional Development Banks (BPD) using balanced panel data of 26 bank in the 2009-2013 period. Internal factors include: the size of the bank (total assets), capital ratio (CAR), the efficiency ratio (BOPO), liquidity ratio (LDR), and credit risk (NPL). While external factors consist of: income per capita (PDRB perkapita) and the inflation rate (INF). Test results show the fixed effect model was selected as the estimation model. Estimated fixed effects model was performed using estimator Driscoll-Kraay working under the assumption that heteroskedastic variant, there is serial correlation in some lag, and there is cross sectional dependence. The result indicates that the ROE only influenced by internal factors where the size of the bank, capital ratio, eficiency ratio, and liquidity ratio have a significant negative effect on ROE, while credit risk does not have a significant effect. The model is able to explain the variation ROE of 67,68%, the remaining 32,32% is explained by other factors outside the model.
Studi ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh faktor internal dan eksternal terhadap profitabilitas (ROE) Bank Pembangunan Daerah dengan menggunakan data panel seimbang dari 26 BPD pada periode 2009-2013. Faktor internal meliputi: ukuran bank (total aset), rasio modal (CAR), rasio efisiensi (rasio BOPO), rasio likuiditas (LDR), dan resiko kredit (NPL).Sedang faktor eksternal terdiri atas: pendapatan perkapita (PDRB perkapita) dan tingkat inflasi (INF). Hasil uji menunjukkan model efek tetap terpilih sebagai model estimasi. Estimasi model efek tetap dilakukan menggunakan estimator Driscoll-Kraayyang bekerja dibawah asumsi varian yang heteroskedastik, ada korelasi serial pada beberapa lag, dan ada ketergantungan antar individu. Hasil estimasi menunjukkan bahwa ROE BPD hanya dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor internal dimana:ukuran bank, rasio modal, rasio efisiensi, dan rasio likuiditas berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap ROE, sedangkan risiko kredit berpengaruh negatif tidak signifikan. Model mampu menjelaskan sebesar 67,68% variasi ROE, sisanya 32,32% dijelaskan oleh faktor lain di luar model.
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References
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Dendawijaya, L. (2003). Manajemen perbankan. Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia.
Driscoll, J.C., & Kraay, A.C. (1997). Consistent covariance matrix estimation with spatially-dependent panel data.
Drukker, D.M. (2003). Testing for serial correlation in linier panel data models. The stata journal, Vol. 3 No. 2; 168-177.
Duraj, B., & Moci, E. (2015). Factors influenceing the bank profitability–empirical evidence from Albania. Asian Economic and Financial Review, Vol. 5 No. 3; 483-494.
Eichengreen, B., & Gibson H.D. (2001). Greek banking at the dawn of new millennium. Centre for economics policy research, Discussion Paper 2791.
Ekawati, E. (2011). Manajemen keuangan. Edisi 1. Jakarta: Penerbit Universitas Terbuka.
Francis, M.E. (2013). Determinants of commercial bank profitability in sub-saharan Africa. International journal of economics and finance, Vol. 5 No. 9; 134-147.
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Kasmir. (2013). Dasar-dasar perbankan. Edisi revisi. Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada.
Knight, K.W., & Schor, J.B. (2014). Economic growth and climate change: A cross-national analysis of territorial and consumption-based carbon emissions in high-income countries. Sustainability, Vol. 6; 3722-3731.
Lestari, M.I., & Sugiharto, T. (2007). Kinerja bank devisa dan bank non devisa dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Proceeding PESAT (Psikologi, Ekonomi, Sastra, Arsitek & Sipil), Vol. 2; 195-201.
Macit, F. (2012). Bank specific and macroeconomic determinants of profitability: Evidence from participation bank in Turkey. Economics bulletin, Volume 32, Issue 1; 586-595.
Martono & Harjito, A. (2010). Manajemen keuangan. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Ekonisia.
Mushtaq, M., Ul Hassan, N., Yaqub, M.S., & Awan, M.M.H. (2014). Determinants of commercial banks performance: Empirical evidence from Pakistan. Journal of applied environmental and biological sciences, Vol. 6, No. 7; 15-21.
Owoputi, J.A. (2014). Bank spesific, industry spesific and macroeconomic determinants of bank profitability in Nigeria. European scientific journal, Vol.10, No. 25; 408-423.
Petria, N., Capraru, B., & Ihnatov, I. (2015). Determinants of banks’ profitability: Evidence from eu 27 banking systems. Presented 7th international conference on globalization and higher education in economics and business administration, GEBA 2013. Procedia economics and finance, Vol. 20; 518-524.
Putranto, A., Herwany, A., & Sumirat, E. (2012). The determinants of commercial bank profitability in Indonesia. Working papers in business, management and finance, No. 201202, Department of management and business, Padjadjaran University, December 2012.
Rahardja, P., & Manurung, M. (2008). Teori ekonomi makro: Suatu pengantar. Edisi 4. Jakarta: LPFE UI.
Rahman, M.M., Hamid, M.K., & Khan, M.A.M. (2015). Determinants of bank profitability: Empirical evidence from Bangladesh. International journal of business and management, Vol. 10, No. 8.
Rao, K.R.M., & Lakew, T.B. (2012). Determinants of profitability of commercial banks in a developing country: Evidence from Ethiopia. International journal of accounting and financial management research, Vol. 2, Issue 3; 1-20.
Reed, W.R., & Webb, R. (2010). The PCSE estimator is good, just not as good you think. Working paper, Department of economics and finance college of business and economics university of canterbury, No. 53.
Reed, W.R., & Ye, Haichun. (2011). Which panel data estimator should i use? Applied economics, Vol. 43, No. 8; 985-1000.
Republik Indonesia. (1998). Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 10 Tahun 1998 Tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 Tentang Perbankan.
Saeed, M.S. (2014). Bank-related, industry-related and macroeconomic factorsaffecting bank profitability: A case of the united kingdom. Research journal of finance and accounting, Vol. 5, No. 2; 42-50
Samad, A. (2015). Determinants bank profitability: Empirical evidence from bangladesh commercial banks. International journal of financial research, Vol. 6, No. 3; 173-179.
Sastrosuwito, S., & Suzuki, Y. (2012). The determinants of post-crisis Indonesian banking system profitability. Economics and finance review, Vol. 1(11); 48-57.
Staikouras, C.K., & Wood, G.E. (2004). The determinants of european bank profitability. International business and economics research journal, Vol. 3, No. 6; 57-68.
Sunyoto, D. (2013). Analisis laporan keuangan untuk bisnis: Teori dan kasus. Yogyakarta: CAPS (Center for Academic Publishing Service).
Syafri. (2012). Factors affecting bank profitability in Indonesia. The 2012 international conference on business and management. Diambil pada tanggal 6-7 September 2012 dari web http://www.caal-inteduorg.com/ibsm2012/ejournal/018Mix-Syafri-Factors_Affecting_Bank_Profitability.pdf
Tarigan, R. (2012). Ekonomi regional: Teori dan aplikasi. Edisi revisi. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.
Tariq, W., Usman, M., Mir, H.Z., Aman, I., & Ali, I. (2014). Determinants of commercial banks profitability: Empirical evidence from Pakistan. International journal of accounting & financial reporting, Vol. 4, No. 2; 1-22.
Trujillo-Ponce, A. (2013). What determines the profitability of banks? Evidence from Spain. Accounting and finance, 53; 561-586.
Winarno, S., & Ismaya, S. (2006). Kamus perbankan. Bandung: CV Pustaka Grafika.
Zhang, C., & Dong, L. (2011). Determinants of bank profitability: Evidence from the us banking sector. Diambil dari web http://summit.sfu.ca/item/13065.
Ali, Muhammad. (2015). Bank profitability and its determinants in Pakistan: A panel data analysis after financial crisis. Munich Personal RePEc Archive (MPRA) Paper, No. 67987, 21.
Alper, D., & Anbar, A. (2011). Empirical evidence from bank specific and macroeconomic determinants of commercial bank profitability Turkey. Business and economics research journal, Vol. 2, No. 2; 139-152.
Athanasoglou, P.P., Delis, M.D., & Staikouras, C.K. (2006). Determinants of bank profitability in the south eastern europan region. Working paper bank of greece, No. 47.
Bank Indonesia. (2013). Peraturan Bank Indonesia Nomor 15/2/PBI/2013 Tentang Penetapan Status Dan Tindak Lanjut Pengawasan Bank Umum Konvensional.
Bank Indonesia. (2013). Peraturan Bank Indonesia Nomor 15/7/PBI/2013 Tentang Perubahan Kedua Atas Peraturan Bank Indonesia Nomor 12/19/PBI/2010 Tentang Giro Wajib Minimum Bank Umum Pada Bank Indonesia Dalam Rupiah Dan Valuta Asing.
Beck, N., & Katz, J.N. (1995). What To Do (And Not To Do) With Time-Series Cross Section Data. The American Political Science Review, Vol. 89, Issue 3; 634-647.
Bilal, M., Saed, A., Gull, A.A., & Akram, T. (2013). Influence of bank specific and macroeconomic factors on profitability of commercial banks: A Case Study of Pakistan. Research journal of finance and accounting, Vol. 4, No. 2; 117-126.
Dendawijaya, L. (2003). Manajemen perbankan. Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia.
Driscoll, J.C., & Kraay, A.C. (1997). Consistent covariance matrix estimation with spatially-dependent panel data.
Drukker, D.M. (2003). Testing for serial correlation in linier panel data models. The stata journal, Vol. 3 No. 2; 168-177.
Duraj, B., & Moci, E. (2015). Factors influenceing the bank profitability–empirical evidence from Albania. Asian Economic and Financial Review, Vol. 5 No. 3; 483-494.
Eichengreen, B., & Gibson H.D. (2001). Greek banking at the dawn of new millennium. Centre for economics policy research, Discussion Paper 2791.
Ekawati, E. (2011). Manajemen keuangan. Edisi 1. Jakarta: Penerbit Universitas Terbuka.
Francis, M.E. (2013). Determinants of commercial bank profitability in sub-saharan Africa. International journal of economics and finance, Vol. 5 No. 9; 134-147.
Grochova, L., & Strelec, L. (2013). Heteroskedasticity, temporal and spatial correlation matter.
Gujarati, D.N., & Porter, D.C. (2009). Basic econometrics.5th edition. McGraw-Hill Irwin. Electronic book.
Gul, S., Irshad, F., & Khalid, Z. (2011). Factors affecting bank profitability in Pakistan. The romanian economic journal, Year XIV, No. 39; 61-87.
Guru, B., Staunton, J., & Shanmugam, B. (2002). Determinants of commercial bank profitability in Malaysia. University multimedia working papers.
Hanafi, M.M,. & Halim, A. (2009). Analisis laporan keuangan. Edisi keempat. Yogyakarta: UPP STIM YKPN.
Hasibuan, M.S.P. (2009). Dasar-dasar perbankan. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.
Hermuningsih, S. (2013). Pengaruh profitabilitas, growth opportunity, struktur modal terhadap nilai perusahaan pada perusahaan publik di Indonesia. Buletin ekonomi moneter dan perbankan, Vol. 16, No. 2; 127-148.
Hoechle, Daniel. (2007). Robust standard errors for panel regressions with cross-sectional dependence. The stata journal, Vol. 7, No 3; 281-312.
Hoffmann, P.S. (2011). Determinants of the profitability of the us banking industry. International journal of business and social science, Vol. 2, No. 22; 255-269.
Hoyos, R.E.D., & Sarafidis, V. (2006). Testing for cross-sectional dependencein panel-data models. The stata journal, Vol. 6, No. 4; 482-496.
Husnan, S., & Pudjiastuti, E. (2006). Dasar-dasar manajemen keuangan. Edisi kelima. Yogyakarta: UPP STIM YKPN.
Ismail. (2010). Manajemen perbankan: Dari teori menuju aplikasi. Edisi 1. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group.
Kamaludin & Indriyani, R. (2012). Manajemen keuangan: Konsep dasar dan penerapannya. Edisi revisi. Bandung: Penerbit Mandar Maju.
Kanwal, S., & Nadem, M. (2013). The impact of macroeconomic variables on the profitability of listed commercial banks in Pakistan. European journal of business and social sciences, Vol. 2, No. 9; 186-201.
Kasmir. (2008). Bank dan lembaga keuangan lainnya. Edisi revisi. Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada.
Kasmir. (2013). Dasar-dasar perbankan. Edisi revisi. Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada.
Knight, K.W., & Schor, J.B. (2014). Economic growth and climate change: A cross-national analysis of territorial and consumption-based carbon emissions in high-income countries. Sustainability, Vol. 6; 3722-3731.
Lestari, M.I., & Sugiharto, T. (2007). Kinerja bank devisa dan bank non devisa dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Proceeding PESAT (Psikologi, Ekonomi, Sastra, Arsitek & Sipil), Vol. 2; 195-201.
Macit, F. (2012). Bank specific and macroeconomic determinants of profitability: Evidence from participation bank in Turkey. Economics bulletin, Volume 32, Issue 1; 586-595.
Martono & Harjito, A. (2010). Manajemen keuangan. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Ekonisia.
Mushtaq, M., Ul Hassan, N., Yaqub, M.S., & Awan, M.M.H. (2014). Determinants of commercial banks performance: Empirical evidence from Pakistan. Journal of applied environmental and biological sciences, Vol. 6, No. 7; 15-21.
Owoputi, J.A. (2014). Bank spesific, industry spesific and macroeconomic determinants of bank profitability in Nigeria. European scientific journal, Vol.10, No. 25; 408-423.
Petria, N., Capraru, B., & Ihnatov, I. (2015). Determinants of banks’ profitability: Evidence from eu 27 banking systems. Presented 7th international conference on globalization and higher education in economics and business administration, GEBA 2013. Procedia economics and finance, Vol. 20; 518-524.
Putranto, A., Herwany, A., & Sumirat, E. (2012). The determinants of commercial bank profitability in Indonesia. Working papers in business, management and finance, No. 201202, Department of management and business, Padjadjaran University, December 2012.
Rahardja, P., & Manurung, M. (2008). Teori ekonomi makro: Suatu pengantar. Edisi 4. Jakarta: LPFE UI.
Rahman, M.M., Hamid, M.K., & Khan, M.A.M. (2015). Determinants of bank profitability: Empirical evidence from Bangladesh. International journal of business and management, Vol. 10, No. 8.
Rao, K.R.M., & Lakew, T.B. (2012). Determinants of profitability of commercial banks in a developing country: Evidence from Ethiopia. International journal of accounting and financial management research, Vol. 2, Issue 3; 1-20.
Reed, W.R., & Webb, R. (2010). The PCSE estimator is good, just not as good you think. Working paper, Department of economics and finance college of business and economics university of canterbury, No. 53.
Reed, W.R., & Ye, Haichun. (2011). Which panel data estimator should i use? Applied economics, Vol. 43, No. 8; 985-1000.
Republik Indonesia. (1998). Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 10 Tahun 1998 Tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 Tentang Perbankan.
Saeed, M.S. (2014). Bank-related, industry-related and macroeconomic factorsaffecting bank profitability: A case of the united kingdom. Research journal of finance and accounting, Vol. 5, No. 2; 42-50
Samad, A. (2015). Determinants bank profitability: Empirical evidence from bangladesh commercial banks. International journal of financial research, Vol. 6, No. 3; 173-179.
Sastrosuwito, S., & Suzuki, Y. (2012). The determinants of post-crisis Indonesian banking system profitability. Economics and finance review, Vol. 1(11); 48-57.
Staikouras, C.K., & Wood, G.E. (2004). The determinants of european bank profitability. International business and economics research journal, Vol. 3, No. 6; 57-68.
Sunyoto, D. (2013). Analisis laporan keuangan untuk bisnis: Teori dan kasus. Yogyakarta: CAPS (Center for Academic Publishing Service).
Syafri. (2012). Factors affecting bank profitability in Indonesia. The 2012 international conference on business and management. Diambil pada tanggal 6-7 September 2012 dari web http://www.caal-inteduorg.com/ibsm2012/ejournal/018Mix-Syafri-Factors_Affecting_Bank_Profitability.pdf
Tarigan, R. (2012). Ekonomi regional: Teori dan aplikasi. Edisi revisi. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.
Tariq, W., Usman, M., Mir, H.Z., Aman, I., & Ali, I. (2014). Determinants of commercial banks profitability: Empirical evidence from Pakistan. International journal of accounting & financial reporting, Vol. 4, No. 2; 1-22.
Trujillo-Ponce, A. (2013). What determines the profitability of banks? Evidence from Spain. Accounting and finance, 53; 561-586.
Winarno, S., & Ismaya, S. (2006). Kamus perbankan. Bandung: CV Pustaka Grafika.
Zhang, C., & Dong, L. (2011). Determinants of bank profitability: Evidence from the us banking sector. Diambil dari web http://summit.sfu.ca/item/13065.
Published
Sep 27, 2016
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How to Cite
Marhazni, M. (2016). ANALISIS FAKTOR INTERNAL DAN EKSTERNAL YANG MEMPENGARUHI PROFITABILITAS PADA BANK PEMBANGUNAN DAERAH. Jurnal Organisasi Dan Manajemen, 12(2), 185–202. https://doi.org/10.33830/jom.v12i2.61.2016
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