KAJIAN LEARNING ORGANIZATION PADA ORGANISASI PUBLIK
Keywords: group learning level, individual learning level, learning organization, organizational communication, organizational structure
Abstract
Learning organization can be defined as the ability of organization to advance its capacity creating its future. The concept of learning organization which is common in private sector is also applicable to the public factor. Organization can not learn, only individual that learns. For being a learning organization, organization must facilitate individual with effective structure. At Universitas Terbuka, the Indonesia Open Learning University, individual learning is not related with organizational structure. In some occasion, organizational structure restricted individual learning. At the level of group, organizational structure has been affecting the group abilility for learning. To ovesrcome the inhibition of the formal structure, team usually informal communication channel.
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References
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Thomas, C.C. (1997). The future of the organization: Achieving excellence through business transformation. London: Kogan Page.
Willcocks L. & Harrow J. (1992). Rediscovering public services management. London: McGraw-Hill Book Company.
Barzelay, M. & Armajani, B. (1997). Breaking through bureaucracy. Dalam Shafritz, J.M. & Hyde, A.C. (ed). Classics of Public Administration. Forth Worth: Harcourt Brace & Company.
Barton, D.L. (1995). Wellsprings of knowledge: Building and sustaining the sources of innovation. Massachusetts: Harvard Business School Press.
Beckhard, R. & Pritchard, W. (1992). Changing the essence: The art of creating and leading fundamental change in organization. San Fransisco: Jossey-Bass Pub.
Buckley, W. (1983). System. Dalam Lockett, M. & Spear, R. (1983). Organizations as system. The Open University Press.
Daft, RL. (1995). Organization theory & design (5th Ed.). St. Paul: West Publishing Company.
Dale, M. (1994). Learning organizations, dalam Mabey, C. & Iles P., Managing learning. London & New York: Routledge & The Open University.
Espejo, R. (1996). Organizational transformation and learning; A cybernetic approach to management. West Sussex: John Wiley and Sons.
Fahey, L. (1999). Outwitting, outmaneuvering, and outperforming competitors. Toronto: John Wiley and Sons.
Fulmer, R.M. & Keys, B.J. (1998). A conversation with Chris Argyris: The father of organization learning. Organizational dynamics: A quarterly review of organizational behavior for professional managers. Autumn.
Gaebler, T. & Plastrick, P. (1997). Banishing bureaucracy: The five strategies for reinventing government. Reading: Addison-Wesley Pub. Company.
Geus, A. de. (1997). The living company. Harvard Business School Press: Boston.
Gouillart, F.J. & Kelly J.N. (1995). Transforming the organization. McGraw Hill: New York.
Hardjosukarto, S. (1998). Strategi reformasi sumber daya manusia aparatur: Learning dan learning organization. Makalah Orasi Ilmiah pada Wisuda ke-17 STIA LAN Bandung, 30 Mei 1998.
Heijden, v.d.K. (1996). Scenarios: The art of strategies conversation. West Sussex: John Wiley & Son.
Kaplan, R. S. & Norton, D. P. (1996) The balanced scorecard. Massachusetts: Harvard Business School Press.
Kasim, A. (1998). Reformasi administrasi negara sebagai prasyarat upaya peningkatan daya saing nasional. Pidato pada Upacara Pengukuhan Guru Besar Tetap pada FISIP-UI, 21 Maret 1998, Jakarta.
Kettl, D.F. (1994). Managing on the frontiers of knowledge: The learning organization. Dalam Ingraham, P.W. & Romzek, B.S. (ed.). New paradigms for government: Issues for the changing public service. San Fransisco: Jossey-Bass Inc. Pub.
Lembaga Administrasi Negara. (1998). Manajemen dalam pemerintahan. Jakarta..
Lockett, M. & Spear, R. (1983). Organizations as system. The Open University Press.
Lovell, R. (1994). Managing change in the new public sector. Harlow Essex, Longman.
Marquardt, M. & Reynolds, A. (1994). The global learning organization. New York: Richard D. Irwin Inc.
Morgan, G. (1986). Images of organization. California: Sage Publications, Inc.
Mumford, A. (1997). Action learning at work. Hampshire: Gower, Pub. Ltd.
Nonaka, I. & Takeuchi, H. (1995). The knowledge creating company: How Japanese companies create the dynamics of innovation. New York: Oxford University Press.
Osborne, D. & Gaebler, T. (1995). Mewirausahakan birokrasi: Mentransformasi semangat wirausaha ke dalam sektor publik (terj.). Jakarta: PT. Pustaka Binaman Presindo.
Osborne, D. & Plastrick, P. (1997). Banishing bureaucracy: The five strategies for reinventing government. Reading: Addison Wesley Pub. Comp. Inc.
Pearn, M., Roderick, C., & Mulroney, C. (1995). Learning organization in practice. Berkshire: McGraw Hill.
Pedler, M., Burgoyne, J., & Boydell, T. (1991). The learning company: A strategy for sustainable development. Berkshire: McGraw-Hill Book Comp. Europe.
Robbins, S. P. (1990). Organization theory: Structure, design and applications. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Senge, P.M. (1990). The fifth discipline: The art & practice the learning organization. New York: Currency Doubleday.
Senge, P.M., Kleiner, A., Roberts, C., Ross, R., & Smith, B.(1995). The fifth discipline fieldbook: Strategies and tools for building a learning organization. London: Nicholas Brealey.
Tapscott, D. (1996). The digital economy: Promise and peril in the age of networked intelligence. New York: McGraw- Hill.
Thomas, C.C. (1997). The future of the organization: Achieving excellence through business transformation. London: Kogan Page.
Willcocks L. & Harrow J. (1992). Rediscovering public services management. London: McGraw-Hill Book Company.
Published
Sep 15, 2007
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Agus Joko Purwanto. (2007). KAJIAN LEARNING ORGANIZATION PADA ORGANISASI PUBLIK. Jurnal Organisasi Dan Manajemen, 3(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.33830/jom.v3i1.85.2007
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