Analisis Zonasi Permukiman Terhadap Risiko Longsor dan Banjir Hidrometeorologi Desa Sembalun Lawang, Gunung Rinjani
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33830/Reksabumi.v5i2.14571.2026Kata Kunci:
analisis geospasial, zonasi permukiman, perencanaan ruang berbasis risiko, banjir hidrometeorologi, Gunung RinjaniAbstrak
Desa Sembalun Lawang merupakan kawasan dataran tinggi di lereng Gunung Rinjani yang rentan terhadap longsor dan banjir hidrometeorologi akibat karakteristik lereng curam, material vulkanik muda, serta curah hujan tahunan tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi kesesuaian zonasi permukiman terhadap risiko longsor dan banjir hidrometeorologi berbasis analisis geospasial. Data yang digunakan meliputi DEMNAS resolusi 8 meter, RBI skala 1:25.000, penggunaan lahan tahun 2023, curah hujan periode 2015–2024, interpretasi citra Sentinel-2, serta verifikasi lapangan pada 10 titik sampel. Analisis dilakukan melalui klasifikasi kemiringan lereng, akumulasi aliran permukaan, distribusi permukiman aktual, dan overlay spasial untuk menghasilkan rekomendasi zonasi permukiman berbasis multi-risiko. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa curah hujan tahunan di wilayah penelitian berkisar 3.000–4.000 mm/tahun, dengan 55% kawasan melebihi 4.000 mm/tahun. Permukiman aktual terkonsentrasi pada dataran bawah dengan kemiringan <15% yang relatif stabil secara geomorfologi, tetapi berfungsi sebagai zona akumulasi limpasan permukaan. Sebaliknya, sebagian zona permukiman rencana berada pada lereng >25% yang memiliki potensi ketidakstabilan lebih tinggi. Hasil zonasi akhir menunjukkan bahwa zona keamanan tinggi/zona rekomendasi mencakup 1.085,58 ha atau 24,68%, zona keamanan sedang/zona bersyarat mencakup 934,62 ha atau 21,25%, sedangkan zona keamanan rendah/zona pengendalian mendominasi seluas 2.378,77 ha atau 54,07% dari wilayah penelitian. Temuan ini menegaskan perlunya evaluasi zonasi permukiman berbasis risk-informed spatial planning dengan mengintegrasikan kestabilan lereng dan dinamika limpasan permukaan untuk mendukung pengembangan permukiman yang lebih aman, adaptif, dan berkelanjutan.
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