Pola Interaksi Sosial Komunitas Syiah di Jawa Timur: Analisis Teori Stigma dan Dramaturgi

Abstract

The background to this research is the widespread violence against the Shia community in East Java as well as the assumption that Shia is a taqiyah religion so it is difficult to separate it from lies. This study aims to reveal the social interaction patterns of the Shia community in East Java. The main questions in this study are: first, what are the social interaction patterns of the Shia community in East Java? Second, what is the impact of the social interaction patterns developed by the Shia community in East Java. This research is qualitative research with a case study approach. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, observation and documentation. The data obtained was then made to look at the social interaction patterns of the Shia community in East Java. Stigma theory is used to see the type of stigma attached to the Shia community in East Java. Meanwhile, Erving Goffman's dramaturgical theory is used to complement the Stigma theory. The feedback from the stigma attached to the Shia community in East Java is a closed interaction pattern (taqiyah). Taqiyah here will be analyzed using Goffman's dramaturgical theory. This research found that there are 3 patterns of social interaction between the Shia community and the Ahlusunah, namely closed, semi-open and open according to the level of tolerance of the community faced. Meanwhile, the positive impact of the interaction patterns developed by the East Java Shia community is: in an internal context, the interaction patterns of the Shia community can strengthen internal solidarity, develop the capacity of individual community members and increase social participation. In the external context, interaction patterns using various modes according to the demands of the socio-cultural setting developed by the Shia community have an impact on the continued existence of the Shia community amidst the complexity of the social dynamics they face. By developing various typologies of interaction, the Shia community continues to strive to contribute in various fields. Meanwhile, the negative impact of the social interaction patterns developed by the East Java Shia community can be seen in the closed mode of interaction (taqiyah). By developing closed interactions with intolerant people, the Shia community can avoid clashes and disputes with them, however, due to the lack of open communication, the stigma of "heretical" is still attached to the Shia community by them, because the intolerant community will continue to take references about Shia from the anti-Shia community.