Hegemoni dan Arah Diskursif Ganda: Analisis Diskursus Kereta Api Cepat Indonesia dan Perairan Natuna
Keywords: CDA, Diskursif Ganda, Hegemony, Kereta Api Cepat, Perairan Natuna
Abstract
Kekuasaan elit politik tidak hanya dijalankan melalui tindakan institusional dan personal, tetapi juga melalui praktik diskursif yang membentuk kebenaran sepihak sekaligus mendelegitimasi pihak lain. Penelitian ini mengkaji wacana pemerintah terkait dua isu krusial: proyek Kereta Api Cepat Jakarta–Bandung dan peairan pulau Natuna. Kedua isu tersebut merefleksikan kekhawatiran publik terhadap potensi pengaruh Cina terhadap kemandirian dan kedaulatan Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menelaah arah diskurus pemerintah yang diartikulasikan oleh Presiden Joko Widodo dan Menteri Koordinator Bidang Kemaritiman dan Investasi Luhut Binsar Panjaitan, khususnya apakah Cina didiskursuskan secara inklusif atau eksklusif. Kerangka teori yang digunakan adalah Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) Van Leeuwen dan konsep hegemoni Antonio Gramsci, dengan metode Semiotik Sosial MAK Halliday serta kategori inklusi–eksklusi Van Leeuwen. Data penelitian berupa teks pernyataan langsung kedua aktor yang dipilih secara purposif dari media daring sesuai relevansi teoritis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya arah diskursif ganda (dual discursive direction): pada isu Kereta Api Cepat, wacana cenderung menginklusi Cina sebagai mitra pembangunan yang kuat; sedangkan pada isu Laut Natuna, wacana bergeser mengeksklusi Cina sebagai ancaman terhadap kedaulatan. Joko Widodo melegitimasi wacananya melalui otoritas kepresidenan dengan hegemoni populis sebagai revolusi aktif, sementara Luhut mengembangkan rasionalitas teknokratis dengan hegemoni negosiasi sebagai revolusi pasif.
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