Menyibak Keberagaman Cendawan pada Permukaan Biji Gandum (Triticum aestivum L.) Asal Australia sebagai Komoditas Impor Karantina
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33830/manilkara.v5i1.14328.2026Keywords:
cendawan, deteksi, frekuensi, identifikasi, washing testAbstract
Cendawan yang berasosiasi dengan permukaan biji gandum belum sepenuhnya terkarakterisasi, meskipun berpotensi sebagai sumber inokulum dan indikator risiko karantina, sehingga metode washing test digunakan untuk mengkaji spesies cendawan beserta frekuensi kemunculannya. Tujuan penelitian untuk mendeteksi dan mengindentifikasi spesies cendawan yang menginfeksi permukaan biji gandum dan mengukur frekuensi ditemukannya spesies cendawan. Penelitian menggunakan metode Washing Test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah spesies cendawan yang telah diidentifikasi sebanyak 10 spesies, termasuk dalam 8 genus dari 27 sampel biji gandum, dan seluruh cendawan tersebut tidak termasuk dalam golongan A1 daftar kategori Organisme Pengganggu Tumbuhan Karantina (OPTK). Berdasarkan semua sampel biji gandum selama pengujian, total frekuensi temuan spesies pada sampel biji sebanyak 78 kali. Frekuensi ditemukannya spesies cendawan yang paling sering adalah Alternaria alternata sebanyak 22 kali (28.2%), kemudian diikuti oleh Alternaria helianthi sebanyak 21 kali (26.9%), dan Diplodia sp. sebanyak 10 kali (12.8%), sedangkan spesies cendawan yang sangat jarang ditemukan adalah Curvularia lunata dan Tilletia laevis yang masing-masing hanya ditemukan 1 kali (1.2%). Penelitian ini berkontribusi ilmiah dalam bentuk data kuantitatif prevalensi cendawan pada permukaan biji gandum impor, mendukung pemahaman seed-borne fungi dalam perdagangan internasional, dan berkontribusi sebagai dasar ilmiah bagi kebijakan pengujian karantina benih gandum.
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