Distribusi dan Pemanfaatan Habitat Burung Bondol (Lonchura spp.) pada Lanskap Hijau Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33830/manilkara.v5i1.15300.2026Keywords:
nest tree, pemanfaatan tumbuhan, RStudio, urban areaAbstract
Pesatnya urbanisasi dapat mengubah kualitas dan ketersediaan habitat bagi fauna di perkotaan. Ruang terbuka hijau (RTH) menjadi komponen penting dalam menyediakan vegetasi dan habitat bagi berbagai jenis burung, termasuk genus Lonchura (famili Estrildidae, ordo Passeriformes), yang memanfaatkan ruang hijau sebagai bagian dari habitatnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi spesies-spesies dari genus Lonchura, menganalisis distribusi dan aktivitasnya, serta mengevaluasi pemanfaatan habitat pada RTH berukuran kecil di antara gedung perkuliahan Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor. Pendataan dilakukan mulai dari pertengahan April hingga awal Mei 2026, dengan mencari dan mengamati kehadiran Lonchura menggunakan metode point count dan scan sampling di 6 lokasi pada pagi dan sore hari. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak RStudio. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada setiap lokasi yang diamati ditemukan spesies burung bondol jawa (Lonchura leucogastroides) dan bondol haji (L. maja), yang kehadirannya di setiap lokasi didominasi oleh bondol jawa. Aktivitas harian yang dominan dilakukan keduanya adalah bertengger, berpindah tempat, dan bersarang. Kedua spesies burung ini memanfaatkan 32 spesies tumbuhan maupun non-tumbuhan untuk beraktivitas. Uji T-test menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan signifikan pada pemanfaatan tumbuhan. Tumbuhan yang terdata juga dimanfaatkan oleh burung bondol untuk membuat sarang dengan material kombinasi bahan alami dan non-alami. Bondol jawa memanfaatkan batang utama pohon yang ditumbuhi epifit untuk bersarang. Bondol haji memanfaatkan percabangan pohon dan rachis daun majemuk yang tidak ditumbuhi oleh epifit. Kedua spesies ini memiliki pola yang berbeda dalam menempatkan sarangnya.
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