POST-RESIDENTIAL EVALUATION OF THE SUSTAINABILITY OF LOW-COST HOUSING FOR CIVIL SERVANTS (PNS)

Fery Setyo  Nugroho; Agam  Marsoyo

doi:10.33830/Reksabumi.v1i1.2155.2022

Fery Setyo Nugroho Universitas Gadjah Mada
Agam Marsoyo Universitas Gadjah Mada

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33830/Reksabumi.v1i1.2155.2022

Keywords:

Low-Cost Housing, Post-Occupancy Evaluation, Performance, Sustainability

Abstract

In 2019, Indonesia was experiencing a housing backlog of around 7.6 million housing that must be
met by providing new houses. Therefore there was a policy to overcome it through “one million
housing” program. Salatiga City is one of the cities in Indonesia as a pilot project which has
constructed provision of low-cost housing. While the current problem condition that happens is some
facilities and infrastructure were unconstructed yet. Low-cost housing provision is just focused on
housing units neglecting housing facilities and infrastructure that provided services for residents in
post-occupancy. This research aims to assess the performance of residential housing and examine
the gap factors influencing sustainability from a post-occupancy evaluation (POE) of low-cost housing
projects. This research was conducted by assessing performance factors influencing sustainability
by POE to value the quality of the residential environment. The result showed that factors including
utility conditions; safety comfortability; social interactions; and access to workplace have good
performance. While other factors have not met the score for good performance. This research has
known that low-cost housing for civil servants can be said as unsustainable. The environmental
aspect had an important role in the sustainability of low-cost housing. Building unit condition,
infrastructure and neighborhood facility are factors with a big importance in influencing sustainability
of environmental aspect. Therefore, these factors need to get the main attention in the government’s
next low-cost housing development projects in supporting one million housing program policy.

References

Apparicio, P., and Seguin, A. 2006. Measuring the Accessibility of Services and Facilities for Residents of Public Housing in Montreal. Urban Studies, 43(1), 187-211. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00420980500409334.

Bramantyo. 2012. Efektivitas Regulasi Perumahan Di Indonesia Dalam Mendukung Penyediaan Rumah Bagi Masyarakat Bepenghasilan Rendah (MBR)/ Effectivity of Housing Regulation in Indonesia to Support Housing Provision. Widyariset, 243-248. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/widyariset.15.1.2012.243-248.

Budihardjo, Eko dan Sujarto, Djoko. 2009. Sustainable City. Bandung: PT. Alumni.

Bratt, Rachel G. 1989. Rebuilding a Low-Income Housing Policy. Philadelphia, the USA: Temple University Press.

Cao, J., and Cao, X. 2017. Comparing Importance-Performance Analysis and Three-Factor Theory in Assessing Rider Satisfaction with Transit. Journal of Transport and Land Use, 10(1). DOI:https://doi.org/10.5198/jtlu.2017.907

Chiu, Rebecca L.H., 2006. Socio-cultural Sustainability of Housing: a Conceptual Exploration. Theory and Society, 21:2, 65-76. DOI:10.180/14036090410014999

Coulson, N. E., & Fisher, L. M. 2009. Housing Tenure and Labor Market Impacts: The search goes on. Journal of Urban Economics, 65(3), 252-264. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2008.12.003.

Daldjoeni, N. 1992. Seluk Beluk Masyarakat Kota. Bandung: Penerbit Alumni.

Dwijendra, Ngakan Ketut A. 2013. Quality of Affordable Housing Projects by Public and Private Developers in Indonesia: The Case of Sarbagita Metropolitan Bali, Indonesia. Journal of Geography and Regional Planning, vol.6(3), pp. 69-81, 2013. DOI:10.5897/JGRP12.050.

Gan, X., Fernandez, I.C., Guo, J., Wilson, M., Zhao, Y., Zhou, B., Wu, J. 2017. When to Use What: Methods for Weighting and Aggregating Sustainability Indicators. Ecological Indicators, 81, pp. 491-502. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.05.068

Gan, X., Zuo, J., Wu, P., Wang, J., Chang, R., Wen, T., 2017. How Affordable Housing Becomes More Sustainable? A Stakeholder Study. Journal of Cleaner Production162 (2017), pp. 427- 437. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.06.048

Ganiyu, B., Fapohunda, J., Haldenwang, R. 2015. Construction Approaches to Enhance Sustainability in Affordable Housing in Developing Countries. Conference: 2015 World Congress on Sustainable Technologies (WCST), pp 101-107. DOI:10.1109/WCST.2015.7415129

Gibson, R. B., Hassan, S., Holtz, S., Tansey, J., Whitelaw, G. 2010. Sustainability Assessment: Criteria and Processes. London, UK: Earthscan.

Goldie, A. G. S., R. U. Farhoudi, Ezat and A. Ezati. 2015. The Study of Effective Factor in Sustainable Urban Renewal Process (Case Study, IRAN; Mashhadcity). Research Journal of Fisheries And Hydrobiology 10(13): 15.

Habitat, UN. 2012. Sustainable Urbanizing in Asia, A Source Book for Local Goverment, United Nations Human Settlements Programme.

Hamedani, A. Zeinal and Huber, F. 2012. A Comparative Study of DGNB, LEED and BREEAM Certificate Systems in Urban Sustainability. WIT Transactions on Ecology and The Environment, Vo. 155 pp. 121-132. DOI:10.2495/SC120111

Hashim, A.H. 2003. Residential Satisfaction and Social Integration in Public Low Cost Housing in Malaysia. Pertanika Journal of Social Science and Humanity 11(1) 1-10.

Hidayati, Masturina K. (2017). Evaluasi Pasca Huni Pembangunan Rusunawa di Kota Surakarta. (Thesis). Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada.

Ibem, E.O. and Azuh, D.E. 2011. Framework for Evaluating the Sustainability of Public Housing Programmes in Developing Countries. Journal of Sustainable Development and Environmental Protection (JSDEP). 1(3), pp 24-39. http://eprints.covenantuniversity.edu.ng/id/eprint/745

Ibem, Eziyi. O. 2013. Accessibility of Services and Facilities for Residents in Public Housing in Urban Areas of Ogun State, Nigeria. Urban Forum, 24(3), 407-423. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12132-012-9185-6.

Ibem, Eziyi O., Aduwo, Egidario B., Ayo Vaughan, Emmanuel K. 2015. Assessment of the Sustainability of Public Housing Projects in Ogun State, Nigeria: A Post Occupancy Evaluation Approach. Mediterranian Journal of Social Science MCSER Publishing, Rome-Italy Vol 6 No.4 S2 pp 523 - 535, July 2015. Doi:10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n4s2p523.

Ilham, Novri. (2008). Evaluasi Pasca Huni Lingkungan Perumahan Mojosongo Solo. (Thesis). Yogyakarta:Universitas Gadjah Mada.

Indrianingrum, Lulut. 2017. Housing Ownership and Affordability Among Low-Income Society in the Poorest Sub-District of Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. AIP Confrerence Proceedings 1818, 020019. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4976883.

Iwamura, Kazuo. 2017. Sustainability of Housing, Embedded in the Local Context. Yokohama: Faculty of Environmental and Information Studies, Tokyo City University.

Kompas.com. " Per 8 Maret 2019, Backlog Rumah 7,6 Juta unit". 11 March 2019. Retrieved from https://properti.kompas.com/read/2019/03/11/104252821/per-8-maret-2019-backlog-rumah-76-juta-unit?page=all

Kuswartojo, Tjuk. 2005. Perumahan dan Permukiman Indonesia. Bandung: ITB.

Lussetyowati, T. 2014. Evaluasi Purna Huni pada Ruang Terbuka Publik di Perumahan Bukit Sejahtera Palembang. Proceeding Temu Ilmiah IPLBI 2014 pp. 19-26.

Martilla, J. A., and James, J. C. 1977. Importance-Performance Analysis. Journal of Marketing, 41(1), 77-79. DOI:10.2307/1250495

Meir, Isaac A. and Cicelsky, Alex. 2009. Post-Occupancy Evaluation: An Inevitable Step Toward Sustainability. Advances in Building Energy Research 2009, Volume 3 pp. 189-220. DOI:10.3763/aber.2009.0307

Miles, M.E., Weiss, M.A., and Berens, G. 2000. Real Estate Development: Principles and Process, 3rd ed. Washington DC, USA: Urban Land Institute.

Mulliner, E., Smallbone, K., Maliene, V. 2013. An Assessment of Sustainable Housing Affordability Using a Multiple Criteria Decision Making Method. Omeg, 41, pp 270-279. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2012.05.002

Nawawi (2008), Abdul H. 2008. Post-Occupancy Evaluation Correlated with Building Occupants's Satisfaction: An Approach to Performance Evaluation of Government and Public Buildings. Journal of Building Appraisal 4(2) pp 59-69. DOI:10.1057/jba.2008.22

Nilashi, M., Zakaria, R., Ibrahim, O., Majid, M.Z.A., Zin, R.M., Chugtai, M.W., Abidin, N.I.Z., Sahamir, S.R., Yakubu, D.A. 2015. A Knowledge-Based Expert System for Assessing the Performance Level of Green Buildings. Knowledge-Based Syst, 86, 19-209. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2015.06.009

Odebiyi, S.O. 2010. Sustainable Housing Development in Africa: Nigerian Perspective. International Business and Management (1) pp. 22-30. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/j.ibm.1923842820100101.005

Parmadi, A.A. 2018. Implementasi Kebijakan Program Rumah Bersubsidi di Kecamatan Banjar Kabupaten Buleleng. Public Inspiration: Jurnal Administrasi Publik Vol 3 pp.34 - 45.

Peraturan Daerah Kota Salatiga No.4 Tahun 2011 Tentang Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Kota Salatiga 2010 - 2030

Peraturan Menteri Perumahan Rakyat no 25 tahun 2011 Tentang Pedoman Penyelenggaraan Rumah Murah.

Preiser, W.F.E, Robinowitz, H.Z, and White, E.T. 1998. Post Occupancy Evaluation. Ney York: Von Nortstand Reinhold Company.

Rahman Abdul, H., Wang, C., Ebrahimi, M. 2016. Integrating and Ranking Sustainability Criteria for Housing. Proceedings of the Instituion of Civil Engineers-Engineering, Vol 169 pp. 3-30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1680/ensu.15.00008

Roestamy, Martin. 2017. Providing Affordable Housing for Low-Income People in Indonesia (Development of Model on Housing Law). IJASOS-International E-Journal of Advances in Social Science, Issue 9, Pg. 1094-1103.

Saaty, T.L. 1980. The Analytic Hierarchy Process: Planning, Priority Setting, Resource Allocation. McGraw-Hill: New York, USA.

Sepriyadi, A. 2016. Evaluasi Purna Huni Rumah Susun Sew Pudai di Kota Kendari. (Thesis). Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada.

Silas, J. 2001. The Kampung Model. Habitat Debate Vol 7 No.2.

Standart Nasional Indonesia 03-1733-2004 Tentang Tata Cata Perencanaan Lingkungan Perumahan di Perkotaan.

Sudarwanto, B., Padelaki, E., Soetomo, S., 2014. Pencapaian Perumahan Berkelanjutan '˜Pemilihan Indikator Dalam Penyusunan Kerangka Kerja Berkelanjutan'. Jurnal MODUL UNDIP Vol. 14, pp. 105-102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/mdl.14.2.2014.105-112.

Sunarti, S., Yuliastuti, N., Indiasjario. 2018. Stakeholder Collaboration in Provision of Housing for Low Income Community in Salatiga City. Jurnal TATA LOKA Planologi Undip Volume 20, pp 455-471. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/tataloka.20.4.455-471.

Sunarti, S., Yuliastuti, N. Tyas, W.P., Sari D.P.P. 2020. Housing Facilities Provision in KORPRI Salatiga Housing: Reality and Neighborhood Unit Concept. Jurnal TATA LOKA Planologi Undip Volume 20 (2), pp 249-260. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/tataloka.20.2.249-260.

Tam, V.W.Y. 2011. Cost Effectiveness of Using Low Cost Housing Technologies in Construction. Procedia Engineering, Elsevier vol.14: pp 156-160. DOI:10.1016/j.proeng.2011.07.018

Tanuwidjaja, G. Mustakim, Hidayat, M., Sudarman, A. 2009. Integrasi Kebijakan Perencanaan dan Desain Rumah Susun yang Berkelanjutan, dalam Konteks Pembangunan Kota yang Berkelanjutan. Seminar Nasional Universitas Kristen Maranatha, Bandung. Retrieved from http://repository.petra.ac.id/id/eprint/15566.

Tupenaite, Laura., Lill, Irene., Geipele, I., Jurga Naimaciviene. 2017. Ranking of Sustainability Indicators for Assessment of the New Housing Development Projects: Case of the Baltic States. Journal of MDPI Resources 2017, 6,66. DOI:10.3390/resources6040055

Turcotte, David and Geiser, Ken. 2010. A Framework to Guide Sustainable Housing. Housing and Society vol. 37 (2) pp. 87-117. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/08882746.2010.11430582

Turner, John F.C. 1972. Housing by People. London: Marion Boyars Publisher Ltd.

Yakob, Hamizah F.Y., Hazlina Hamdanb. (2012). Land Use Regulations towards a Sustainable Urban Housing: Klang Valley Conurbation. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 68, 578-589.

Yuwono, Astrid A. 2016. Evaluasi Pasca Huni Bangunan Braga City Walk Bandung. Serat Rupa Journal of Design 1(2):222. DOI:10.28932/srjd.v1i2.451

Zhang, X., Wu, Y., Shen, L., Skitmore, M. 2014. A Prototype System Dynamic Model For Assessing the Sustainability of Construction Projects. International Journal of Project Management 32 pp. 66-76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2013.01.009

Zimring, C.M., Reizenstein, J.E. 1980. Post-Occupancy Evaluation: An Overview. Environment and Behaviour 12, 429-450. DOI:10.1177/0013916580124002