Karakteristik Fisikokimia Karaginan Rumput Laut (Kappaphycus alvarezii) Berdasarkan Umur Panen yang Berbeda dari Perairan Kota Tarakan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33830/fsj.v5i1.9670.2025Keywords:
Carrageenan, Characteristics, Harvest Time, Kappaphycus Alvarezii, PhysicochemicalAbstract
Kappaphycus alvarezii is an increasingly popular marine product in global trade due to its high economic value, primarily attributed to its carrageenan content. This research aims to determine the physicochemical characteristics of K. alvarezii seaweed carrageenan at different harvest ages from the Tarakan City area, to find out the best characteristics based on gel strength at different harvest ages of seaweed (K. alvarezii). This research used a completely randomized design (CRD) with four harvest age treatments of 30 days (P1), 40 days (P2), 50 days (P3), and 60 days (P4). The results showed that the yield of carrageenan from Tarakan City waters ranged between 39.17 and 44.17%, viscosity (46.67-56.67 cP), gel strength (405.45-500.29 g/cm2), water content (10.62-15.12%), ash (47.87-50.75%), white degree (70.07-71.83%), and sulfate content (50.28-57.72%). K. alvarezii seaweed harvested at 60 days produced the best carrageenan according to quality standards, with a yield of 44.17%, viscosity of 56.67%, water content of 10.62%, and gel strength of 500.29 g/cm².
References
Arltoft, D., Madsen, F., & Ipsen, R. (2007). Screening of probes for specific localisation of polysaccharides. Food Hydrocolloids, 21(7), 1062–1071. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2006.07.020
Asikin, A. N., Diachanty, S., & Rusdin, I. (2024). Karakteristik fisikokimia kerupuk produk UKM Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 27(5), 362–376. https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v27i5.50429
Asikin, A. N., & Kusumaningrum, I. (2019). Physicochemical Characteristics of Carrageenan Based on Different Harvesting Times From Bontang Coastal, East Kalimantan. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 22(1), 136. https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v22i1.25890
Asikin, A. N., Kusumaningrum, I., & Sutono, D. (2015). Ekstraksi dan Karakteristik Sifat Fungsional Karaginan Kappaphycus alvarezii Asal Pesisir Kabupaten Kutai Timur. Jurnal Ilmu Dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.29244/jitkt.v7i1.9772
Bixler, H., & Jhondro, K. (2000). Philippine Natural Grade or Semi Refined Carrageenan. In G. Philips & P. Williams (Eds.), Handbook of Hydrocolloids (pp. 425–441). Wood Head Publishing.
BPS. (2022). Kota Tarakan dalam Angka. https://www.bps.go.id/id
BSN. (2006a). Cara Uji Kimia-Bagian 1 : Penentuan Kadar Abu pada Produk Perikanan SNI 01-2354.1-2006.
BSN. (2006b). Cara Uji Kimia-Bagian 2: Penentuan Kadar Air pada Produk Perikanan. SNI 01-2354.2-2006.
Bunga, S. M., Montolalu, R. I., Harikedua, J., Montolalu, L. A., Watung, A. H., & Taher, N. (2013). Karakteristik Sifat Fisika Kimia Karaginan Rumput Laut Kappaphycus alvarezii pada Berbagai Umur Panen yang Diambil dari Daerah Perairan Desa Arakan Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan. MEDIA TEKNOLOGI HASIL PERIKANAN, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.35800/mthp.1.2.2013.767
Cardoso, M. V. C., & Sabadini, E. (2010). The gelling of κ-carrageenan in light and heavy water. Carbohydrate Research, 345(16), 2368–2373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2010.08.015
Circuncisão, A. R., Catarino, M. D., Cardoso, S. M., & Silva, A. M. S. (2018). Minerals from Macroalgae Origin: Health Benefits and Risks for Consumers. Marine Drugs, 16(11), 400. https://doi.org/10.3390/md16110400
Darmawan, D., Sulmartiwi, L., & Abdillah, A. A. (2019). The effect of kappa-carrageenan fortification on the physicochemical and organoleptic properties of milkfish galantin. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 236, 012116. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/236/1/012116
Desiana, E., & Hendrawati, T. Y. (2015). Pembuatan Karagenan dari Eucheuma cottonii dengan Ekstraksi KOH menggunakan Variabel Waktu Ekstraksi. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Sains Dan Teknologi, 1–7.
Dhewang, I. B., Yudiati, E., Subagiyo, S., & Alghazeer, R. (2023). Supplementation of Carrageenan (Kappaphycus alvarezii) for Shrimp Diet to Improve Immune Response and Gene Expression of White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences, 28(2), 161–172.
Diharmi, A., Rusnawati, & Irasari, N. (2020). Characteristic of carrageenan Eucheuma cottonii collected from the coast of Tanjung Medang Village and Jaga Island, Riau. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 404(1), 012049. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/404/1/012049
Distantina, S., Fadilah, F., Rochmadi, R., Fahrurrozi, Moh., & Wiratni, W. (2010). Proses Ekstraksi Karagenan dari Eucheuma cottonii. Seminar Rekayasa Kimia Dan Proses, 1–6.
Fateha, Ulya, N., Asmanah, & Agusman. (2021). Comparison of Gel Preparation Methods on Gel Strength Measurement of Carrageenan. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 715(1), 012055. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/715/1/012055
Firdaus, M., Nurdiani, R., Awaludin Prihanto, A., Puji Lestari, E., Suyono, & Amam, F. (2021). Carrageenan characteristics of Kappaphycus alvarezii from various harvest ages. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 860(1), 012067. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/860/1/012067
Firdaus, M., Setijawati, D., Lestari, E. P., Suyono, S., & Amam, F. (2023). Keutuhan Talus Kappaphycus alvarezii saat Panen Memengaruhi Karakteristik Karaginan. Jurnal Pascapanen Dan Bioteknologi Kelautan Dan Perikanan, 18(1), 33. https://doi.org/10.15578/jpbkp.v18i1.910
FMC, C. (1977). Carrageenan Marine Colloid Monograph Number One.
Geonzon, L. C., Zhuang, X., Santoya, A. M., Bacabac, R. G., Xie, J., & Matsukawa, S. (2020). Gelation mechanism and network structure of mixed kappa carrageenan/lambda carrageenan gels studied by macroscopic and microscopic observation methods. Food Hydrocolloids, 105, 105759. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.105759
H., D. M., Purwanti, T., & Soeratri, W. (2005). Korelasi Kadar Propilenglikol dalam Basis dan Pelepasan Dietilammonium Diklofenak dari Basis Gel Carbopol ETD 2020. Majalah Farmasi Airlangga (Airlangga Journal of Pharmacy), 5(1), 1.
Harun, M., Montolalu, R. I., & Suwetja, I. K. (2013). Karakteristik Fisika Kimia Karaginan Rumput Laut Jenis Kappaphycus alvarezii Pada Umur Panen Yang Berbeda di Perairan Desa Tihengo Kabupaten Gorontalo Utara. MEDIA TEKNOLOGI HASIL PERIKANAN, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.35800/mthp.1.1.2013.4139
Hasan, B., Firman, F., K., H. N., & H., A. R. (2018). Ekstraksi Karaginan dari Rumput Laut Eucheuma cottonii dengan Bantuan Gelombang Ultrasonik. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Hasil Penelitian Dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (SNP2M), 126–131.
Hermanto, K. P. (2021). Pengaruh Perbedaan Konsentrasi Larutan Alkali Ca(OH)2 terhadap Mutu Tepung Karagenan yang Dihasilkan Eucheuma cottonii. Jurnal Akuatek, 2(1), 51–57.
Hudi, L. (2017). Karakteristik Karagenan dari Berbagai Jenis Rumput Laut yang Diproses dengan Berbagai Bahan Ekstraksi. Jurnal Rekapangan, 11(1), 36–42.
Hung, L. D., & Thi Huong, D. (2020). Characterization of kappa-carageenan from the red alga Kappaphycus striatum. Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology, 18(2), 321–329. https://doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/18/2/15196
Irawan, I. (2021). Karakteristik Karaginan Kappaphycus alvarezii yang Berasal dari Lokasi yang Berbeda. Berkala Perikanan Terubuk, 49(2), 902–908.
Kaemba, A., Suryanto, E., & Mamuaja, C. (2017). ktivitas Antioksidan Beras Analog dari Sagu Baruk (Arenga microcarpha) dan Ubi Jalar Ungu (Ipomea batatas L. Poiret). CHEMISTRY PROGRESS, 10(2), 62–68.
KKP. (2022). Pusat Data Statistik dan Informasi Kementrian Kelautan dan Perikanan.
Kumayanjati, B.-, & Dwimayasanti, R. (2018). Kualitas Karaginan dari Rumput Laut Kappaphycus alvarezii pada Lokasi Berbeda di Perairan Maluku Tenggara. Jurnal Pascapanen Dan Bioteknologi Kelautan Dan Perikanan, 13(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.15578/jpbkp.v13i1.490
Lumbessy, S. Y., Andayani, S., Nursyam, H., & Firdaus, M. (2018). Concentration of Liquid Pes Media on the Growth and Photosynthetic Pigments of Seaweeds Cottonii Propagule (Kappaphycus alvarezii Doty) through Tissue Culture. Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences, 75(3), 133–144. https://doi.org/10.18551/rjoas.2018-03.15
Lumbessy, S. Y., Setyowati, D. N., Mukhlis, A., Lestari, D. P., & Azhar, F. (2020). Komposisi Nutrisi dan Kandungan Pigmen Fotosintesis Tiga Spesies Alga Merah (Rhodophyta sp.) Hasil Budidaya. Journal of Marine Research, 9(4), 431–438. https://doi.org/10.14710/jmr.v9i4.28688
Manuhara, G. J., Praseptiangga, D., Muhammad, D. R. A., & Maimuni, B. H. (2016). Preparation and characterization of semi-refined kappa carrageenan-based edible film for nano coating application on minimally processed food. AIP Conference Proceeding, 030043. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4941509
Marasabessy, S. A., & Marasabessy, R. S. (2014). Pengaruh Umur Panen Rumput Laut Kappaphycus alvarezii terhadap Kualitas Semi Refined Carrageenan asal Kepulauan Kei. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Penguatan Pembangunan Berbasis Riset Perguruan Tinggi (SNPP-RPT) I, 221–227.
Masthora, S., & Abdiani, I. M. (2016). Studi Kandungan Karaginan Rumput Laut Kappaphycus sp. pada Umur Panen yang Berbeda. Jurnal Harpodon Borneo, 9(1), 78–85.
Mawarni, R. T., & Widjanarko, S. B. (2015). Penggilingan Metode Ball Mill dengan Pemurnian Kimia terhadap Penurunan Oksalat Tepung Porang. Jurnal Pangan Dan Agroindustri, 3(2), 571–581.
Noor, H. M., Alamsjah, M. A., & Andriyono, S. (2021). Characterization of semi-refined kappa-carrageenan from Kappaphycus alvarezii with different solvents in Tanjung Sumenep. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 679(1), 012043. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/679/1/012043
Ortiz, J., & Aguilera, J. M. (2004). Effect of Kappa-Carrageenan on the Gelation of Horse Mackerel (T. Murphyi) Raw Paste Surimi-Type. Food Science and Technology International, 10(4), 223–232. https://doi.org/10.1177/1082013204045884
Prasetyowati, J. C., & Agustiawan, D. (2008). Pembuatan Tepung Karaginan dari Rumput Laut (Eucheuma cottonii) Berdasarkan Perbedaan Metode Pengendapan. Jurnal Teknik Kimia, 2(15), 27–33.
Rahmasari, V. (2008). Pemanfaatan Air Abu Sabut Kelapa dalam Pembuatan Agar-agar Kertas dari Rumput Laut Gracilaria sp. [Undergraduate Thesis]. Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Saputra, S. A., Yulian, M., & Nisah, K. (2021). Karakteristik dan Kualitas Mutu Karaginan Rumput Laut di Indonesia. Lantanida Journal, 9(1), 25. https://doi.org/10.22373/lj.v9i1.9189
Şen, M., & Erboz, E. N. (2010). Determination of critical gelation conditions of κ-carrageenan by viscosimetric and FT-IR analyses. Food Research International, 43(5), 1361–1364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2010.03.021
Setyorini, H. B., & Puspitasari, A. (2021). Fat, water and ash content in Chlorophyceae, Rhodophyceae and Phaeophyceae macroalgae at Sepanjang Beach, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 744(1), 012073. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/744/1/012073
Sukri, N. (2006). Karakteristik Alkali Treated Cottonii (ATC) dan karaginan dari rumput laut Eucheuma cottonii pada umur panen yang berbeda [Undergraduate Thesis]. Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Supriyantini, E., Santosa, G. W., & Dermawan, A. (2017). Kualitas Ekstrak Karaginan Dari Rumput Laut “Kappaphycus alvarezii” Hasil Budidaya Di Perairan Pantai Kartini Dan Pulau Kemojan Karimunjawa Kabupaten Jepara. BULETIN OSEANOGRAFI MARINA, 6(2), 88. https://doi.org/10.14710/buloma.v6i2.16556
Syamsuar, S., Baskoro, M. S., & Santoso, J. (2006). Karakteristik karaginan rumput laut Eucheuma cottonii pada berbagai umur panen, konsentrasi koh dan lama ekstraksi [Master Thesis]. Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Tarman, K., Sadi, U., Santoso, J., & Hardjito, L. (2020). Carrageenan and its Enzymatic Extraction. In Encyclopedia of Marine Biotechnology (pp. 147–159). John Wiley & Sons Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119143802.ch7
Tecante, A., & Nez Santiago, M. del C. (2012). Solution Properties of κ-Carrageenan and Its Interaction with Other Polysaccharides in Aqueous Media. In Rheology. InTech. https://doi.org/10.5772/36619
Wenno, M. R., Thenu, J. L., & Cristina Lopulalan, C. G. (2012). Karakteristik Kappa Karaginan dari Kappaphycus alvarezii Pada Berbagai Umur Panen. Jurnal Pascapanen Dan Bioteknologi Kelautan Dan Perikanan, 7(1), 61. https://doi.org/10.15578/jpbkp.v7i1.69
Wilda Purnama Sari, Asnani, A., & Kasim, M. (2024). Ekstraksi dan Karakterisasi Karagenan Kappaphycus Alvarezii dari Perairan Teluk Dalam Pantai Wantopi yang Dipanen pada Umur yang Berbeda. Jurnal Fish Protech, 7(1), 33–42.
Winarno, F. G. (1996). Teknologi pengolahan rumput laut. Pustaka Sinar Harapan.
