Generative Artificial Intelligence in Education and its Governance: Perspective of Copyright Law
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33830/ptjj.v25i1.7471.2024Keywords:
Copyright, Digital Technology, Educational Fair Use, Generative Artificial IntelligenceAbstract
As a domain of science and technology, Artificial Intelligence (AI) opened new horizons for education. Technologies change the ways we teach and learn. While Generative AI tools create new prospects for learning, several concerns also arise. Educators are worried that they cannot differentiate between the output of students' work and the output from AI and this will impact the discipline, originality, integrity, and ethics in such cases. In addition, the problem also potentially arises in the matter of the authorship of the works regarding Copyright Law. This paper examines several legal issues of the utilization of Generative AI through the perspective of Copyright Law. This paper concludes several important points; First, although the framework of Indonesia’s copyright law is based on the principle of human authorship, the rapid development of Generative AI must be balanced with an accommodative legal framework, Second, it is particularly important to formulate a special provisions to guide the implementation concerning the utilization of copyrighted works as the input material for generative AI so that it will not harm the "legitimate interest of the author" in the limit of "normal exploitation of the work" and classified as fair use, Third, academics and administrators need to gain a better understanding of the promise and perils of generative AI, how it will likely impact education, and how it might best govern by encourage the school and universities to develop institutional policies and/or formal guidance concerning the use of digital technology and Generative AI for the future of education.
References
Abbot, R. (2020). The Reasonable Robot : Artificial Intelligence and the Law. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108631761
Amrizal, V., & Aini, Q. (2013). Kecerdasan Buatan (Artificial Intelligence). In Halaman Moeka Publishing (Ed.), Kecerdasan Buatan. https://repository.uinjkt.ac.id/dspace/bitstream/123456789/44538/2/naskah kecerdasan buatan.pdf
Billah, M. M., & Albarashdi, S. (2018). Fair or free use of copyrighted materials in education and research and the limit of such use. Chicago-Kent Journal of Intellectual Property, 17(2).
Chan, C. K. Y., & Hu, W. (2023). Students’ Voices on Generative AI: Perceptions, Benefits, and Challenges in Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-023-00411-8
Christiani, T. A., Qureshi, M. I., & Kosasih, J. I. (2022). Artificial Intelligence (AI) In Copyright Law in Indonesia. Journal of Positive School …, 6(3), 418–423. https://journalppw.com/index.php/jpsp/article/view/1418%0Ahttps://journalppw.com/index.php/jpsp/article/download/1418/720
Davis, J. Y. (1998). Fair Use after CONFU. College & Research Libraries, 59(3), 209–211. https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.59.3.209
Djumhana, & Djubaedillah. (2012). Hak Milik Intelektual Sejarah, Teori, dan Praktiknya di Indonesia. Citra Aditya Bakti.
Englund, S., Mitchell, C., Shepard, J. A., Srivastava, R., Stein, A., & Tracer, J. (2023). Client Alert: Copyright Registration for Works Containing AI-Generated Material. JD Supra. https://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/client-alert-copyright-registration-for-9174699/
Feuerriegel, S., Hartmann, J., Janiesch, C., & Zschech, P. (2023). Generative AI. Research Technology Management, 66(3), 71–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/08956308.2023.2188861
Filipova, I. A., & Koroteev, V. D. (2023). Future of the Artificial Intelligence : Object of Law or Legal Personality ? Journal of Digital Technologies and Law, 1(2), 359–386. https://www.lawjournal.digital/jour/article/view/184/31
Free, R. (2018). Artificial Intelligence-Questions of ownership. CMS LAW; CMS Law. https://cms.law/en/int/publication/artificial-intelligence-questions-of-ownership
Leval, P. N. (1990). Toward A Fair Use Standard. Harvard Law Review, 103(5), 1105–1136.
López de Mántaras, R. (2018). TOWARDS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ADVANCES, CHALLENGES, AND RISKS. Mètode Revista de Difusió de La Investigació, 9, 119–125. https://doi.org/10.7203/metode.9.11145
Maggiore, M. (2018). Artificial Intelligence, computer generated works and copyright. In E. Bonadio & N. Lucchi (Eds.), Non-Conventional Copyright (p. 382). Edward Elgar Publishing. http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/ELECD/2018/878.html
Mahardita, Y., & Roisah, K. (2018). Optimizing the Authority of Indonesia Customs in Legal Protection of Intellectual Property Rights. 1st International Conference on Indonesian Legal Studies (ICILS 2018). https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/icils-18/25903155
Marr, B. (2023, March). The Intersection Of AI And Human Creativity: Can Machines Really Be Creative? Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/bernardmarr/2023/03/27/the-intersection-of-ai-and-human-creativity-can-machines-really-be-creative/?sh=1c776ccd3dbc
Mayana, R. F., Santika, T., & Win, Y. Y. (2022). EDUCATIONAL FAIR USE & DIGITAL LEARNING : COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN INDONESIA & MYANMAR. Litigasi, 23(2), 217–233. https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/litigasi/article/view/5181
Mayana, R. F., Win, Y. Y., & Santika, T. (2022). The Legal Concept of Educational Fair Use: A Comparative Study on International Compliance between Indonesia & Myanmar Copyright Law. NTUT Journal of Intellectual Property Law and Management, 11(1), 75–88. https://iip.ntut.edu.tw/var/file/92/1092/img/Vol11_No1.pdf
O’Hagan, C. (2023). AI: UNESCO mobilizes education ministers from around the world for a co-ordinated response to ChatGPT. UNESCO. https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/ai-unesco-mobilizes-education-ministers-around-world-co-ordinated-response-chatgpt
Okonkwo, C. W., & Ade-Ibijola, A. (2021). Chatbots applications in education: A systematic review. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 2(October), 100033. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033
Ramli, T. S., Ramli, A. M., Mayana, R. F., Ramadayanti, E., & Fauzi, R. (2023). Artificial intelligence as object of intellectual property in Indonesian law. Journal of World Intellectual Property, January, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1111/jwip.12264
UNESCO’s Input in reply to the OHCHR report on the Human Rights Council Resolution 47/23 entitled “New and emerging digital technologies and human rights.” (2021). UNESCO. https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/2022-03/UNESCO.pdf
US Copyright Office, L. of C. (2023). Copyright Registration Guidance: Works Containing Material Generated by Artificial Intelligence. Federal Register : Daily Journal of the United States Government. https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/03/16/2023-05321/copyright-registration-guidance-works-containing-material-generated-by-artificial-intelligence
WIPO. (1886). The Berne Convention for the Protection of literary and Artistic Works, 1886. International Copyright Law Part I, 1–29. https://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/treaties/en/berne/trt_berne_001en.pdf
Wollny, S., Schneider, J., Di Mitri, D., Weidlich, J., Rittberger, M., & Drachsler, H. (2021). Are We There Yet? - A Systematic Literature Review on Chatbots in Education. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 4(July), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2021.654924
Yeralan, S., & Lee, L. A. (2023). Generative AI : Challenges to higher education. Sustainable Engineering and Innovation, 5(2), 107–116. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373809812_Generative_AI_Challenges_to_higher_education#fullTextFileContent
Yunus, N. R., Zein, F., & Siagian, A. (2022). Civil Law System in Indonesia and Its Comparison with Other Legal Systems. SALAM: Jurnal Sosial Dan Budaya Syar-I, 9(5), 1629–1650. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjsbs.v9i3.26168.
Downloads
Published
Versions
- 12-07-2024 (2)
- 24-06-2024 (1)
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Ranti Fauza, Tisni Santika
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.